@0010001, WASH, 05251789, 
RATIFY TREATIES WITH SEVERAL INDIAN NATIONS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00057, 
"In pursuance of the order of the late Congress, treaties between the United 
States and several nations of Indians have been negotiated and signed.  These 
treaties, with sundry papers respecting them, I now lay before you, for your 
consideration and advice, by the hands of General Knox, under whose official 
superintendence the business was transacted, and who will be ready to 
communicate to you and information on such points as may appear to require it." 


@0010002, WASH, 06111788, 
RATIFY CONVENTION BETWEEN U.S. AND HIS MOST CHRISTIAN MAJESTY, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00057, 
"A convention between His Most Christian Majesty and the United States, for the 
purposes of determining and fixing the functions and prerogatives of their 
respective consuls, vice-consuls, agents, and commissaries, was signed by their 
respective plenipotentiaries on the 29th of July, 1784. 
	It appearing to the late Congress that certain alterations in that 
convention ought to be made they instructed their minister at the Court of 
France to endeavor to obtain them.
	It has accordingly been altered in several respects, and as amended was 
signed by the plenipotentiaries of the contracting powers on the 14th of 
November, 1788.
	The sixteenth article provides that it shall be in force during the term 
of twelve years, to be counted from the day of the exchange on both sides within 
the space of one year, or sooner if possible.
	I now lay before you the original by the hands of Mr. Jay for your 
consideration and advice.  The papers relative to this negotiation are in his 
custody, and he has my orders to communicate to you whatever official papers and 
information on the subject he may possess and you may require." 


@0010003, WASH, 08071789, 
INSTITUTE TEMPORARY COMMISSION TO NEGOTIATE TREATY WITH SOUTHERN INDIAN TRIBES, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00059, 
"If it should be the judgment of Congress that it would be most expedient to 
terminate all differences in the Southern district, and to lay the foundation 
for future confidence by an amicable treaty with the Indian tribes in that 
quarter, I think proper to suggest the consideration of the expediency of 
instituting a temporary commission for that purpose, to consist of three 
persons, whose authority should expire with the occasion." 


@0010004, WASH, 08071789, 
CONSIDER USEFULNESS OF ESTABLISHING POSTS TO PRESERVE PEACE, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00059, 
"How far such a measure, unassisted by posts, would be competent to the 
establishment and preservation of peace and tranquillity on the frontiers is 
also a matter which merits your serious consideration." 


@0010005, WASH, 08071789, 
ESTABLISH UNIFORM SYSTEM FOR U.S. MILITIA, 
0010009; 0010020; 0020008, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00060, 
"Along with this object I am induced to suggest another, with the national 
importance and necessity of which I am deeply impressed; I mean some uniform and 
effective system for the militia of the United States." 


@0010006, WASH, 08101787, 
CONFORM TROOP ESTABLISHMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00060, 
"I have directed a statement of the troops in the service of the United States 
to be laid before you for your information.  
	These troops were raised by virtue of the resolves of Congress of the 20th 
October, 1786, and the 3d of October, 1787, in order to protect the frontiers 
from the depredations of the hostile Indians, to prevent all frontiers from the 
depredations of the hostile Indians, to prevent all intrusions on the public 
lands, and to facilitate the surveying and selling of the same for the purpose 
of reducing the public debt.
	As these important objects continue to require the aid of the troops, it 
is necessary that the establishment thereof should in all respects be conformed 
by law to the Constitution of the United States." 


@0010007, WASH, 09161789, 
PROVIDE TEMPORARY PROVISION FOR CALLING FORTH MILITIA, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00061, 
"As the circumstances which occasioned the said arrangement continue nearly the 
same, I think proper to suggest to your consideration the expediency of making 
some temporary provision for calling forth the militia of the United States for 
the purposes stated in the Constitution, which would embrace the cases 
apprehended by the governor of the Western territory." 


@0010008, WASH, 09171789, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH SIX NATIONS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00062, 
"Permit me to observe that it will be proper for me to be informed of your 
sentiments relative to the treaty with the Six Nations previous to the departure 
of the governor of the Western territory, and therefore I recommend it to your 
early consideration." 


@0010009, WASH, 01081790, 
ESTABLISH UNIFORM SYSTEM FOR MILITIA, 
0010005; 0010020; 0020008; 0030020; 0040019, 
Annual Message (First), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00065 
"Among the many interesting objects which will engage your attention that of 
providing for the common defense will merit particular regard.  To be prepared 
for war is one of the most effectual means of preserving peace.
	A free people ought not only to be armed, but disciplined; to which end a 
uniform and well-digested plan is requisite;... " 


@0010010, WASH, 01081790, 
ESTABLISH INDEPENDENT MANUFACTURERS ESPECIALLY FOR MILITARY SUPPLIES, 
, 
Annual Message (First), 
Message and Papers, 001, 00065, 
". . . and their safety and interest require that they should promote such 
manufactories as tend to render them independent of others for essential, 
particularly military, supplies." 


@0010011, WASH, 01081790, 
PROVIDE FOR COMPENSATION OF TROOPS, 
, 
Annual Message (First), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00065, 
"The proper establishment of the troops which may be deemed indispensable will 
be entitled to mature consideration.  In the arrangements which may be made 
respecting it will be of importance to conciliate the comfortable support of the 
officers and soldiers with a due regard to economy." 


@0010012, WASH, 01081790, 
PROVIDE FOR PROTECTION OF SOUTHERN AND WESTERN FRONTIERS AND -- IF NECESSARY -- 
PUNISHMENT OF AGGRESSORS, 
, 
Annual Message (First), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00065, 
"There was reason to hope that the pacific measures adopted with regard to 
certain hostile tribes of Indians would have relieved the inhabitants of our 
Southern and Western frontiers from their depredations, but you will perceive 
from the information contained in the papers which I shall direct to be laid 
before you (comprehending a communication from the Commonwealth of Virginia) 
that we ought to be prepared to afford protection to those parts of the Union, 
and, if necessary, to punish aggressors." 


@0010013, WASH, 01081790, 
ESTABLISH UNIFORM RULE OF NATURALIZATION, 
, 
Annual Message (First), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00066, 
"Various considerations also render it expedient that the terms on which 
foreigners may be admitted to the rights of citizens should be speedily 
ascertained by a uniform rule of naturalization." 


@0010014, WASH, 01081790, 
ESTABLISH UNIFORM CURRENCY / WEIGHTS / AND MEASURES, 
0010022, 0020011,  
Annual Message (First), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00066, 
"Uniformity in the currency, weights, and measures of the United States is an 
object of great importance, and will, I am persuaded, be duly attended to." 


@0010015, WASH, 08071790, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH CREEK NATION OF INDIANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00078, 
 "I lay before you a treaty between the United States and the chiefs of the 
Creek Nation, now in this city, in behalf of themselves and the whole Creek 
Nation, subject to the ratification of the President of the United States with 
the advice and consent of the Senate." 


@0010016, WASH, 12081790, 
SANCTION ADDITION OF KENTUCKY AS MEMBER OF UNION, 
, 
Annual Message (Second), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00081, 
"Since your last sessions I have received communications by which it appears 
that the district of Kentucky, at present a part of Virginia, has concurred in 
certain propositions contained in a law of that State, in consequence of which 
the district is to become a distinct member of the Union, in case the requisite 
sanction of Congress be added.  For this sanction application is now made." 


@0010017, WASH, 12081790, 
EVALUATE NEED FOR UNIFORM JUDICIAL SENTENCING, 
0020024, 
Annual Message (Second), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00083, 
"The laws you have already passed for the establishment of a judiciary system 
have opened the doors of justice to all descriptions of persons.  You will 
consider in your wisdom whether improvements in that system may yet be made, and 
particularly whether an uniform process of execution on sentences issuing from 
the Federal courts be not desirable through all the States." 


@0010018, WASH, 12081790, 
REGULATE JURISDICTION AND FUNCTION OF CONSULS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES, 
, 
Annual Message (Second), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00083, 
"The patronage of our commerce, of our merchants and seamen, has called for the 
appointment of consuls in foreign countries.  It seems expedient to regulate by 
law the exercise of that jurisdiction and those functions which are permitted 
them, either by express convention or by a friendly indulgence, in the places of 
their residence." 


@0010019, WASH, 12081790, 
PROVIDE FOR AUTHORITY TO ASSIST HIS MAJESTY'S CONSULS HERE, 
, 
Annual Message (Second), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00083, 
"The consular convention, too, with His Most Christian Majesty has stipulated in 
certain cases the aid of the national authority to his consuls established here.  
Some legislative provision is requisite to carry these stipulations into full 
effect." 


@0010020, WASH, 12081790, 
ESTABLISH MILITIA, 
0010005; 0010009; 0020008; 0030020; 0040019, 
Annual Message (Second), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00083, 
"The establishment of the militia...[is a] subject which I presume you will 
resume of course, and which [is] abundantly urged by [its] own importance." 


@0010021, WASH, 12081790, 
ESTABLISH U.S. MINT, 
0020010, 
Annual Message (Second), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00083, 
"The establishment ... of a mint ... [is a] subject which I presume you will 
resume of course, and which [is] abundantly urged by [its] own importance." 


@0010022, WASH, 12081790, 
ESTABLISH STANDARD WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, 
0010014; 0020011, 
Annual Message (Second), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00083, 
"The establishment ... of standards of weights and measures ... [is a] subject 
which I presume you will resume of course, and which are abundantly urged by 
their own importance." 


@0010023, WASH, 12081790, 
ESTABLISH POST OFFICE AND POST ROADS, 
0020009, 
Annual Message (Second), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00083, 
"The establishment ... of the post-office and post-roads are subjects which I 
presume you will resume of course, and which are abundantly urged by their own 
importance." 



@0010024, WASH, 12081790, 
PAY OFF PRINCIPLE OF DEBT, 
, 
Annual Message (Second), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00083, 
"The sufficiency of the revenues you have established for the objects to which 
they are appropriated leaves no doubt that the residuary provisions will be 
commensurate to the other objects for which the public faith stands now pledged.  
Allow me, moreover, to hope that it will be a favorite policy with you, not 
merely to secure a payment of the interest of the debt funded, but as far and as 
fast as the growing resources of the country will permit to exonerate it of the 
principal itself." 


@0010025, WASH, 12081790, 
USE FUNDS FROM WESTERN LANDS TO PAY DEBT, 
0020012, 
Annual Message (Second), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00083, 
"The appropriation you have made of the Western land explains your dispositions 
on this subject, and I am persuaded that the sooner that valuable fund can be 
made to contribute, along with other means, to the actual reduction of the 
public debt the more salutary will the measure be to every public interest, as 
well as the more satisfactory to our constituents." 


@0020001, WASH, 10251791, 
REGULATE ALIENATIONS OF INDIAN LANDS, 
, 
Annual Message (Third), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00104, 
"That the mode of alienating their lands, the main source of discontent and war, 
should be so defined and regulated as to obviate imposition and as far as may be 
practicable controversy concerning the reality and extent of the alienations 
which are made." 


@0020002, WASH, 10251791, 
PROMOTE COMMERCE WITH INDIANS, 
0020023; 0030008; 0030022, 
Annual Message (Third), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00104, 
"That commerce with them should be promoted under regulations tending to secure 
an equitable deportment toward them,. . . ." 


@0020003, WASH, 10251791, 
INTRODUCE CIVILIZATION TO INDIANS AS THEIR CONDITIONS PERMITS, 
, 
Annual Message (Third), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00105, 
". . . and that such rational experiments should be made for imparting to them 
the blessings of civilization as may from time to time suit their condition." 


@0020004, WASH, 10251791, 
AUTHORIZE EXECUTIVE TO UTILIZE CERTAIN MEANS IN PURSUING PEACE AGREEMENTS WITH 
INDIANS, 
, 
Annual Message (Third), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00105, 
"That the Executive of the United States should be enabled to employ the means 
to which the Indians have been long accustomed for uniting their immediate 
interests with the preservation of peace." 


@0020005, WASH, 10251791, 
ESTABLISH PENALTIES FOR VIOLATING RIGHTS OF INDIANS, 
0030012; 0040004, 
Annual Message (Third), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00105, 
"And that efficacious provision should be made for inflicting adequate penalties 
upon all those who, by violating their rights, shall infringe the treaties and 
endanger the peace of the Union." 


@0020006, WASH, 10251791, 
REVISE LAW SETTING DUTIES ON DISTILLED SPIRITS, 
, 
Annual Message (Third), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00105, 
"The powers specially vested in me by the act laying certain duties on distilled 
spirits, which respect the subdivisions of the districts into surveys, the 
appointment of officers, and the assignment of compensations, have likewise been 
carried into effect.  In a matter in which both materials and experience were 
wanting to guide the calculation it will be readily conceived that there must 
have been difficulty in such an adjustment of the rates of compensation as would 
conciliate a reasonable competency with a proper regard to the limits prescribed 
by law.  It is hoped that the circumspection which has been used will be found 
in the result to have secured the last of the two objects; but it is probable 
that with a view to the first in some instances a revision of the provision will 
be found advisable." 


@0020007, WASH, 10251791, 
RATIFY TREATIES WITH CHEROKEE AND SIX NATIONS OF INDIANS, 
, 
Annual Message (Third), 
Messages and Papers, 01, 106, 
"Two treaties which have been provisionally concluded with the Cherokees and Six 
Nations of Indians will be laid before you for your consideration and 
ratification." 


@0020008, WASH, 10251791, 
ESTABLISH MILITIA, 
0010005; 0010009; 0010020, 
Annual Message (Third), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00107, 
"I shall content myself with a general reference to former communications for 
several objects upon which the urgency of other affairs has hitherto postponed 
any definitive resolution.  Their importance will recall them to your attention, 
and I trust that the progress already made in the most arduous arrangements of 
the Government will afford you leisure to resume them with advantage.
	There are, however, some of them of which I can not forbear a more 
particular mention.  These are the militia..." 


@0020009, WASH, 10251791,
ESTABLISH POST OFFICE AND POST ROADS, 
0010023, 
Annual Message (Third), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00107, 
"...the post-office and post-roads.. . . The importance of the post-office and 
post-roads on a plan sufficiently liberal and comprehensive, as they respect the 
expedition, safety, and facility of communication, is increased by their 
instrumentality in diffusing a knowledge of the laws and proceedings of the 
Government, which, whiled it contributes to the security of the people, serves 
also to guard them against the effects of misrepresentation and misconception.  
The establishment of additional cross posts, especially to some of the important 
points in the Western and Northern parts of the Union, can not fail to be of 
material utility. 


@0020010, WASH, 10251791, 
ESTABLISH U.S. MINT, 
0010021, 
Annual Message (Third), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00107, 
"...the mint.. . .The disorders in the existing currency, and especially the 
scarcity of small change, a scarcity so peculiarly distressing to the poorer 
classes, strongly recommend the carrying into immediate effect the resolution 
already entered into concerning the establishment of a mint.  Measures have been 
taken pursuant to that resolution for procuring some of the most necessary 
artists, together with the requisite apparatus." 


@0020011, WASH, 10251791, 
ESTABLISH UNIFORM WEIGHTS AND MEASURES, 
0010014; 0010022, 
Annual Message (Third), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00107, 
"uniform weights and measures.. . . An uniformity in the weights and measures of 
the country is among the important objects submitted to you by the Constitution, 
and if it can be derived from a standard at once invariable and universal, must 
be no less honorable to the public councils than conducive to the public 
convenience." 


@0020012, WASH, 10251791, 
PROVIDE FOR SALE OF VACANT LANDS, 
0010025, 
Annual Message (Third), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00107, 
"sale of vacant lands.. . . A provision for the sale of the vacant lands of the 
United States is particularly urged, among other reasons, by the important 
considerations that they are pledged as a fund for reimbursing the public debt; 
that if timely and judiciously applied they may save the necessity of burthening 
our citizens with new taxes for the extinguishment of the principal; and that 
being free to discharge the principal but in a limited proportion, no 
opportunity ought to be lost for availing the public of its right." 


@0020013, WASH, 10251791, 
ESTABLISH MAGAZINES; ARSENALS AND FORTIFICATIONS, 

Annual Message (Third), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00107, 
"In connection with this [the militia] the establishment of competent magazines 
and arsenals and the fortification of such places as are peculiarly important 
and vulnerable naturally present themselves to consideration." 


@0020014, WASH, 10261791, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH CHEROKEE INDIANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00111, 
"I have directed the Secretary of War to lay before you for your consideration 
all the papers relative to the late negotiations with the Cherokee Indians, and 
the treaty concluded with that tribe on the 2nd day of July last by the 
superintendent of the southern district, and I request your advice whether I 
shall ratify the same." 


@0020015, WASH, 01111792, 
ADOPT MEASURES TO PROTECT WESTERN FRONTIERS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00115, 
"I lay before you, in confidence, two reports, made to me by the Secretary for 
the Department of War, relatively to the present state of affairs on the Western 
frontiers of the United States.
	In these reports the causes of the present war with the Indians, the 
measures taken by the Executive to terminate it amicably, and the military 
preparations for the late campaign are stated and explained, and also a plan 
suggested of such further measures on the occasion as appear just and expedient.
	I am persuaded, gentlemen, that you will take this important subject into 
your immediate and serious consideration, and that the result of your 
deliberations will be the adoption of such wise and efficient measures as will 
reflect honor on our national councils and promote the welfare of our country." 


@0020016, WASH, 01181792, 
CONSIDER INCREASING COMPENSATION TO THE CHEROKEE NATION FOR RELINQUISHED LANDS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00115, 
"I lay before you the communications of a deputation from the Cherokee Nation of 
Indians now in this city and I request your advice whether an additional article 
shall be made to the Cherokee treaty to the following effect, to wit:
	That the sum to be paid annually by the United States to the Cherokee 
Nation of Indians in consideration of the relinquishment of lands as stated in 
the treaty made with them on the 2d day of July, 1791, shall be $1,500 instead 
of $1,000 mentioned in the said treaty." 


@0020017, WASH, 03071792, 
RATIFY EXTENSION OF POWERS OF COMMISSIONERS TO SPAIN, 
, 
Special Message, March 7, 1792  
Messages and Papers, 001, 00118, 
 "I submit to your consideration the report of the Secretary of State, which 
accompanies this, stating the reasons for extending the negotiation proposed at 
Madrid to the subject of commerce, and explaining, under the form of 
instructions to the commissioners lately appointed to that Court, the principles 
on which commercial arrangements with Spain might, if desired on her part, be 
acceded to on ours; and I have to request your decision whether you will advise 
and consent to the extension of the powers of the commissioners as proposed, and 
to the ratification of a treaty which shall conform to those instructions should 
they enter into such a one with that Court." 


@0020018, WASH, 03201792, 
INCREASE NUMBER OF BRIGADIER-GENERALS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00122, 
"The several acts which have been passed relatively to the military 
establishment of the United States and the protection of the frontiers do not 
appear to have made provision for more than one brigadier-general.  It is 
incumbent upon me to observe that, with a view merely to the organization of the 
troops designated by those acts, a greater number of officers of that grade 
would, in my opinion, be conducive to the good of the public service.  But an 
increase of the number becomes still more desirable in reference to a different 
organization which is contemplated, pursuant to the authority vested in me for 
that purpose, and which, besides other advantages expected from it, is 
recommended by considerations of economy.  I therefore request that you will be 
pleased to take this subject into your early consideration and to adopt such 
measures thereon as you shall judge proper." 


@0020019, WASH, 11061792, 
COMPENSATE FAMILIES OF THOSE WHO HAVE DIED AT THE HANDS OF THE INDIANS, 
, 
Annual Message (Fourth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00126, 
 "In the course of the attempts which have been made some valuable citizens have 
fallen victims to their zeal for the public service.  And sanctions commonly 
respected even among savages has been found in this instance insufficient to 
protect from massacre the emissaries of peace.  It will, I presume, be duly 
considered whether the occasion does not call for exercise of liberality toward 
the families of the deceased." 


@0020020, WASH, 11061792, 
CONSIDER ADDITIONAL STIMULUS TO RECRUITING FOR THE MILITIA, 
, 
Annual Message (Fourth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00127, 
 "A statement from the proper department with regard to the number of troops 
raised, and some other points which have been suggested, will afford more 
precise information as a guide to the legislative consultations, and among other 
things will enable Congress to judge whether some additional stimulus to the 
recruiting service may not be advisable." 


@0020021, WASH, 11061792, 
STRENGTHEN LAW PROVIDING SANCTIONS FOR CRIMES AGAINST INDIANS, 
, 
Annual Message (Fourth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00127, 
 "I can not dismiss the subject of Indian affairs without again recommending to 
your consideration the expediency of more adequate provision for giving energy 
to the laws throughout our interior frontier and for restraining the commission 
of outrages upon the Indians, without which all pacific plans must prove 
nugatory." 


@0020022, WASH, 11061792, 
PROVIDE FOR INDIAN AGENTS, 
, 
Annual Message (Fourth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00127, 
 "To enable, by competent rewards, the employment of qualified and trusty 
persons to reside among them as agents would also contribute to the preservation 
of peace and good neighborhood." 


@0020023, WASH, 11061792, 
PROMOTE INTERACTION AND TRADE WITH INDIAN TRIBES, 
0020002; 0030008; 0030022, 
Annual Message (Fourth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00127, 
"If in addition to these expedients an eligible plan could be devised for 
promoting civilization among the friendly tribes and for carrying on trade with 
them upon a scale equal to their wants and under regulations calculated to 
protect them from imposition and extortion, its influence in cementing their 
interest with ours could not but be considerable." 


@0020024, WASH, 11061792, 
REVISE JUDICIARY SYSTEM, 
0010017, 
Annual Message (Fourth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00127, 
"I can not forbear to bring again into the view of the Legislature the subject 
of a revision of the judiciary system.  A representation from the judges of the 
Supreme Court, which will be laid before you, points out some of the 
inconveniences that are experienced.  In the course of the execution of the laws 
considerations arise out of the structure of that system which in some cases 
tend to relax their efficacy." 


@0020025, WASH, 11061792, 
PROVIDE FOR TAKING OF BAIL; SUPPLEMENTARY DEFINITION OF OFFENSES AGAINST 
CONSTITUTION; AND PUNISHMENT FOR SUCH OFFENSES, 
, 
Annual Message (Fourth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00128, 
 "As connected with this subject, provisions to facilitate the taking of bail 
upon processes out of the courts of the United States and a supplementary 
definition of offenses against the Constitution and laws of the Union and of the 
punishment for such offenses will, it is presumed, be found worthy of particular 
attention." 


@0020026, WASH, 11061792, 
PREVENT AGGRESSIONS AGAINST FOREIGN NATIONS BY U.S. CITIZENS, 
, 
Annual Message (Fourth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00128, 
 "I particularly recommend to your consideration the means of preventing those 
aggressions by our citizens on the territory of other nations, and other 
infractions of the law of nations, which, furnishing just subject of complaint, 
might endanger our peace with them;" 


@0020027, WASH, 11061792, 
RENEW LAW TO MAINTAIN FRIENDLY INTERCOURSE WITH FOREIGN NATIONS, 
, 
Annual Message (Fourth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00128, 
 ". . . and in general, the maintenance of a friendly intercourse with foreign 
powers will be presented to your attention by the expiration of the law for that 
purpose, which takes place, if not renewed, at the close of the present 
session." 


@0020028, WASH, 11061792, 
REGULATE FOREIGN CURRENCY, 
, 
Annual Message (Fourth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00128, 
 "The regulation of foreign coins in correspondency with the principles of our 
national coinage, as being essential to their due operation and to order in our 
money concerns, will, I doubt not, be resumed and completed." 


@0020029, WASH, 11061792, 
FACILITATE CIRCULATION OF NEWSPAPERS, 
, 
Annual Message (Fourth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00128, 
 "It is represented that some provisions in the law which establishes the post-
office operate, in experiment, against the transmission of newspapers to distant 
parts of the country.  Should this, upon due inquiry, be found to be the fact, a 
full conviction of the importance of facilitating the circulation of political 
intelligence and information will, I doubt not, lead to the application of a 
remedy." 


@0020030, WASH, 11061792, 
SYSTEMATIZE ELIMINATION OF NATIONAL DEBT, 
0030023; 0040005; 0040018, 
Annual Message (Fourth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00129, 
 "I entertain a strong hope that the state of the national finances is now 
sufficiently matured to enable you to enter upon a systematic and effectual 
arrangement for the regular redemption and discharge of the public debt, 
according to the right which has been reserved to the Government.  No measure 
can be more desirable, whether viewed with an eye to its intrinsic importance or 
to the general sentiment and wish of the nation." 


@0020031, WASH, 11061792, 
REIMBURSE BANK OF U.S. FOR LOAN, 
, 
Annual Message (Fourth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00129, 
 "Provision is likewise requisite for the reimbursement of the loan which has 
been made of the Bank of the United States, pursuant to the eleventh section of 
the act by which it is incorporated.  In fulfilling the public stipulations in 
this particular it is expected a valuable saving will be made." 


@0020032, WASH, 11061792, 
RENEW EXPIRING LAWS REGULATING TRADE WITH INDIANS, 
, 
Annual Message (Fourth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00129, 
 "Various temporary laws will expire during the present session.  Among these, 
that which regulates trade and intercourse with the Indian tribes will merit 
particular notice." 


@0020033, WASH, 11091792, 
SETTLE BOUNDARY BETWEEN VIRGINIA; KENTUCKY; AND THE TERRITORY SOUTH OF OHIO, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00133, 
"I now lay before you a letter from the Secretary of State, covering the copy of 
one from the governor of Virginia, with the several papers therein referred to, 
on the subject of the boundary between that State and the territory of the 
United States south of the Ohio.  It will remain with the Legislature to take 
such measures as it shall think best for settling the said boundary with that 
State, and at the same time, if it thinks proper, for extending the settlement 
to the State of Kentucky, between which and the same territory the boundary is 
as yet undetermined." 


@0020034, WASH, 02131793, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH THE WABASH, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00135, 
 "I lay before you for your consideration and advice a treaty of peace and 
friendship made and concluded on the 27th day of September, 1792, by Brigadier-
General Rufus Putnam, in behalf of the United States, with the Wabash and 
Illinois tribes of Indians, and also the proceedings attending the said treaty, 
the explanation of the fourth article thereof, and a map explanatory of the 
reservation to the French inhabitants and the general claim of the said Indians.  
. . . After the Senate shall have considered this treaty, I request that they 
would give me their advice whether the same shall be ratified and confirmed;. . 
." 




@0030001, WASH, 12031793, 
EXTEND LEGAL CODE AND JURISDICTION OF COURTS TO COVER CONTRABAND ACTIVITIES, 
, 
Annual Message (Fifth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00139, 
"In this posture of affairs, both new and delicate, I resolved to adopt general 
rules which should conform to the treaties and assert the privileges of the 
United States.  These were reduced into a system, which will be communicated to 
you.  Although I have not thought myself at liberty to forbid the sale of the 
prizes permitted by our treaty of commerce with France to be brought into our 
ports, I have not refused to cause them to be restored when they were taken 
within the protection of our territory, or by vessels commissioned or equipped 
in a warlike form within the limits of the United States.  
	It rests with the wisdom of Congress to correct, improve, or enforce this 
plan of procedure; and it will probably be found expedient to extend the legal 
code and the jurisdiction of the courts of the United States to many cases 
which, though dependent on principles already recognized, demand some further 
provisions." 


@0030002, WASH, 12031793, 
DEVISE REMEDIES TO PUNISH CONTRABAND ACTIVITIES, 
, 
Annual Message (Fifth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00139, 
"Where individuals shall, within the United States, array themselves in 
hostility against any of the powers at war, or enter upon military expeditions 
or enterprises within the jurisdiction of the United States, or where the 
penalties on violations of the law of nations may have been indistinctly marked, 
or are inadequate - these offenses can not receive too early and close an 
attention, and require prompt and decisive remedies.
	Whatever those remedies may be, they will be well administered by the 
judiciary, who possess a long-established course of investigation, effectual 
process, and officers in the habit of executing it." 


@0030003, WASH, 12031793, 
CLARIFY JURISDICTION OF COURTS TO LIBERATE VESSELS WRONGFULLY SEIZED, 
, 
Annual Message (Fifth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00140, 
"In like manner, as several of the courts have doubted, under particular 
circumstances, their power to liberate the vessels of a nation at peace, and 
even of a citizen of the United States, although seized under a false color of 
being hostile property, and have denied their power to liberate certain captures 
within the protection of our territory, it would seem proper to regulate their 
jurisdiction in these points." 


@0030004, WASH, 12031793, 
AUTHORIZE EXECUTIVE TO HAVE ACCESS TO INFORMATION FROM COURTS, 
, 
Annual Message (Fifth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00140, 
"But if the Executive is to be the resort in either of the two last-mentioned 
cases, it is hoped that he will be authorized by law to have facts ascertained 
by the courts when for his own information he shall request it." 


@0030005, WASH, 12031793, 
RAISE PERMANENT DEFENSE/INCREASE ARMS & MILITARY STORES, 
, 
Annual Message (Fifth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00140, 
"I can not recommend to your notice measures for the fulfillment of our duties 
to the rest of the world without again pressing upon you the necessity of 
placing ourselves in a condition of complete defense and of exacting from them 
the fulfillment of their duties toward us.  The United States ought not to 
indulge a persuasion that, contrary to the order of human events, they will 
forever keep at a distance those painful appeals to arms with which the history 
of every other nation abounds.  There is a rank due to the United States among 
nations which will be withheld, if not absolutely lost, by the reputation of 
weakness.  If we desire to avoid insult, we must be able to repel it; if we 
desire to secure peace, one of the most powerful instruments of our rising 
prosperity, it must be known that we are at all times ready for war.  The 
documents which will be presented to you will shew the amount and kinds of arms 
and military stores now in our magazines and arsenals; and yet an addition even 
to these supplies can not with prudence be neglected, as it would leave nothing 
to the uncertainty of procuring of warlike apparatus in the moment of public 
danger." 


@0030006, WASH, 12031793, 
CONSIDER A STUDY TO IMPROVE UNIFORM MILITIA ACT, 
, 
Annual Message (Fifth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00140, 
"Nor can such arrangements, with such objects, be exposed to the censure or 
jealousy of the warmest friends of republican government.  They are incapable of 
abuse in the hands of the militia, who ought to possess a pride in being the 
depository of the force of the Republic, and may be trained to a degree of 
energy equal to every military exigency of the United States.  But it is an 
inquiry which can not be too solemnly pursued, whether the act 'more effectually 
to provide for the national defense by establishing an uniform militia 
throughout the United States' has organized them so as to produce their full 
effect; whether your own experience in the several States has not detected some 
imperfections in the scheme, and whether a material feature in an improvement of 
it ought not to be to afford an opportunity for the study of those branches of 
the military art which can scarcely ever be attained by practice alone." 


@0030007, WASH, 12031793, 
INCREASE TROOPS WITH AID FROM MILITIAS OR THROUGH ADDITIONAL ENCOURAGEMENTS TO 
RECRUITS, 
, 
Annual Message (Fifth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00141, 
"From the papers and intelligence which relate to this important subject you 
will determine whether the deficiency in the number of troops granted by law 
shall be compensated by succors of militia, or additional encouragements shall 
be proposed to recruits." 


@0030008, WASH, 12031793, 
ESTABLISH COMMERCE WITH INDIAN NATIONS, 
0020002; 0020023; 0030022, 
Annual Message (Fifth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00141, 
"After they shall have provided for the present emergency, it will merit their 
most serious labors to render tranquillity with the savages permanent by 
creating ties of interest.  Next to a rigorous execution of justice on the 
violators of peace, the establishment of commerce with the Indian nations in 
behalf of the United States is most likely to conciliate their attachment.  But 
it ought to be conducted without fraud, without extortions, with constant and 
plentiful supplies, with a ready market for the commodities of the Indians and a 
stated price for what they give in payment and receive in exchange.  Individuals 
will not pursue such a traffic unless they be allured by the hope of profit; but 
it will be enough for the United States to be reimbursed only.  Should this 
recommendation accord with the opinion of Congress, they will recollect that it 
can not be accomplished by any means yet in the hands of the Executive." 


@0030009, WASH, 12031793, 
REPEAL TAX ON TRANSPORTATION OF PUBLIC PRINTS, 
, 
Annual Message (Fifth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00142, 
"But here I can not forbear to recommend a repeal of the tax on the 
transportation of public prints." 


@0030010, WASH, 01071794, 
CREATE POSITION OF OFFICER OF SUPPLIES IN DEPARTMENT OF WAR, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00147, 
"Experience has shewn that it would be useful to have an officer particularly 
charged, under the direction of the Department of War, with the duties of 
receiving, safe-keeping, and distributing the public supplies in all cases in 
which the laws and the course of service do not devolve them upon other 
officers, and also with that of superintending in all cases the issues in detail 
of supplies, with power for that purpose to bring to account all persons 
intrusted to make such issues in relation thereto.
	An establishment of this nature, by securing a regular and punctual 
accountability for the issues of public supplies, would be a great guard against 
abuse, would tend to insure their due application and to give public 
satisfaction on that point.
	I therefore recommend to the consideration of Congress the expediency of 
an establishment of this nature, under such regulations as shall appear to them 
advisable." 


@0030011, WASH, 01211794, 
CONSIDER ALTERING TERMS OF LAND ANNEXATION FOR LIGHTHOUSES, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00150, 
"The laws respecting light-house establishment require, as a condition of their 
permanent maintenance at the expense of the United States, a complete cession of 
soil and jurisdiction.  The cessions of different States having been qualified 
with a reservation are understood to be inconclusive as annexing a qualification 
not consonant with the terms of the law.  I present this circumstance to the 
view of Congress, that they may judge whether any alteration ought to be made." 


@0030012, WASH, 01041794, 
ENACT LAWS TO PROTECT PEACE WITH INDIANS IN SOUTHWESTERN TERRITORY, 
0020005; 0040004, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00150, 
"Communications have been made to Congress during the present session with the 
intention of affording a full view of the posture of affairs on the Southwestern 
frontiers.  By the information which has lately been laid before Congress it 
appeared that the difficulties with the Creeks had been amicably and happily 
terminated; but it will be perceived with regret by the papers herewith 
transmitted that the tranquillity has, unfortunately, been of short duration, 
owing to the murder of several friendly Indians by some lawless white men.
	The condition of things in that quarter requires the serious and immediate 
consideration of Congress, and the adoption of such wise and vigorous laws as 
will be competent to the preservation of the national character and of the peace 
made under the authority of the United States with the several Indian tribes.  
Experience demonstrates that the existing legal provisions are entirely 
inadequate to those great objects." 


@0030013, WASH, 03281794, 
REVISE EMBARGO TO PROTECT AGAINST EVASIONS OF THE EMBARGO, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00153, 
"In the execution of the resolution of Congress bearing date the 26th of March, 
01, 794, and imposing an embargo, . . .It also deserves the attention of 
Congress how far the clearances from one district to another, under the law as 
it now stands, may give rise to evasions of the embargo.  As one security the 
collectors have been instructed to refuse to receive the surrender of coasting 
licenses for the purpose of taking out registers, and to require bond from 
registered vessels bound from one district to another, for the delivery of the 
cargo within the United States." 


@0030014, WASH, 03281794, 
PROVIDE FURTHER EMBARGO RESTRICTIONS BY APPLYING RESOLUTION TO FISHING BOATS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00153, 
"It is not understood that the resolution applies to fishing vessels, although 
their occupations lie generally in parts beyond the United States.  But without 
further restrictions there is an opportunity of their privileges being used as 
means of eluding the embargo." 


@0030015, WASH, 05201794, 
STRENGTHEN POWER OF GOVERNMENT TO PROTECT THE NATION'S PEACE IN RESPONSE TO 
MILITARY THREATS IN SPANISH TERRITORIES, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00154, 
"In the communications which I have made to Congress during the present session 
relative to foreign nations I have omitted no opportunity of testifying my 
anxiety to preserve the United States in peace.  It is peculiarly, therefore, my 
duty at this time to lay before you the present state of certain hostile threats 
against the territories of Spain in our neighborhood.
	The documents which accompany this message develop the measures which I 
have taken to suppress them, and the intelligence which has been lately 
received.
	It will be seen from thence that the subject has not been neglected; that 
every power vested in the Executive on such occasions has been exerted, and that 
there was reason to believe that the enterprise projected against the Spanish 
dominions was relinquished.
	But it appears to have been revived upon principles which set public order 
at defiance and place the peace of the United States in the discretion of 
unauthorized individuals.  The means already deposited in the different 
departments of Government are shewn by experience not to be adequate to these 
high exigencies, although such of them as are lodged in the hands of the 
Executive shall continue to be used with promptness, energy, and decision 
proportioned to the case.  But I am impelled by the position of our public 
affairs to recommend that provision be made for a stronger and more vigorous 
opposition than can be given to such hostile movements under the laws as they 
now stand." 


@0030016, WASH, 06021794, 
STRENGTHEN LAWS TO PRESERVE PEACE WITH CREEK INDIANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00156, 
"I send you certain communications, recently received from Georgia, which 
materially change the prospect of affairs in that quarter, and seem to render a 
war with the Creek Nations more probable than it has been at any antecedent 
period.  While the attention of Congress will be directed to the consideration 
of measures suited to the exigency, it can not escape their observation that 
this intelligence brings a fresh proof of the insufficiency of the existing 
provisions of the laws toward the effectual cultivation and preservation of 
peace with our Indian neighbors." 


@0030017, WASH, 11191794, 
STATION FORCE IN FOUR WESTERN COUNTIES OF PENNSYLVANIA, 
, 
Annual Message (Sixth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00165, 
"Still, however, as it is probable that in a commotion like the present, 
whatsoever may be the pretense, the purposes of mischief and revenge may not be 
laid aside, the stationing of a small force for a certain period in the four 
western counties of Pennsylvania will be indispensable, whether we contemplate 
the situation of those who are connected with the execution of the laws or of 
others who may have exposed themselves by an honorable attachment to them.  
Thirty days from the commencement of this session being the legal limitation of 
the employment of the militia, Congress can not be too early occupied with this 
subject." 


@0030018, WASH, 11191794, 
INDEMNIFY PUBLIC OFFICIALS FOR INJURY TO PROPERTY IN PENNSYLVANIA, 
, 
Annual Message (Sixth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00165,  
"Among the discussions which may arise from this aspect of our affairs, and from 
the documents which will be submitted to Congress, it will not escape their 
observation that not only the inspector of the revenue, but other officers of 
the United States in Pennsylvania have, from their fidelity in the discharge of 
their functions, sustained material injuries to their property.  The obligation 
and policy of indemnifying them are strong and obvious." 


@0030019, WASH, 11191794, 
COMPENSATE CITIZENS FOR LOSSES OF PROPERTY IN DEFENSE OF CONSTITUTION, 
, 
Annual Message (Sixth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00165, 
"It may also merit attention whether policy will not enlarge this provision to 
the retribution of other citizens who, though not under the ties of office, may 
have suffered damage by their generous exertions for upholding the Constitution 
and the laws.  The amount, even if all the injured were included, would not be 
great, and on future emergencies the Government would be amply repaid by the 
influence of an example that he who incurs a loss in its defense shall find a 
recompense in its liberality." 


@0030020, WASH, 11191794, 
IMPROVE LAWS FOR THE MILITIA, 
0040019, 
Annual Message (Sixth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00166, 
"In the arrangements to which the possibility of a similar contingency will 
naturally draw your attention it ought not to be forgotten that the militia laws 
have exhibited such striking defects as could not have been supplied but by the 
zeal of our citizens.  Besides the extraordinary expense and waste, which are 
not the least of the defects, every appeal to those laws is attended with a 
doubt on its success.  
	The devising and establishing of a well-regulated militia would be a 
genuine source of legislative honor and a perfect title to public gratitude.  I 
therefore entertain a hope that the present session will not pass without 
carrying to its full energy the power of organizing, arming, and disciplining 
the militia, and thus providing, in the language of the Constitution, for 
calling them forth to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and 
repel invasions." 


@0030021, WASH, 11191794, 
DECIDE IF CURRENT FORTIFICATIONS ARE SUFFICIENT, 
, 
Annual Message (Sixth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00167, 
"As auxiliary to the state of our defense, to which Congress can never too 
frequently recur, they will not omit to inquire whether the fortifications which 
have been already licensed by law be commensurate with our exigencies." 


@0030022, WASH, 11191794, 
ESTABLISH TRADING HOUSES TO SECURE PEACE WITH INDIANS, 
0020002; 0020023; 0030008, 
Annual Message (Sixth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00167, 
"But I can not refrain from again pressing upon your deliberations the plan 
which I recommended at the last session for the improvement of harmony with all 
the Indians within our limits by the fixing and conducting of trading houses 
upon the principles then expressed." 


@0030023, WASH, 11191794, 
REDEEM PUBLIC DEBT, 
0020031; 0040005; 0040020, 
Annual Message (Sixth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00167, 
"The time which has elapsed since the commencement of our fiscal measures has 
developed our pecuniary resources so as to open the way for a definite plan for 
the redemption of the public debt.  It is believed that the result is such as to 
encourage Congress to consummate this work without delay." 


@0030024, WASH, 01021795, 
RATIFY TREATIES WITH SIX NATIONS AND WITH THE ONEIDA; TUSCORORA; AND STOCKBRIDGE 
INDIANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00174, 
"The two treaties, the one with the Six Nations and the other with the Oneida, 
Tuscorora, and Stockbridge Indians dwelling in the country of the Oneidas, which 
have resulted from the mission of the agent, are herewith laid before the Senate 
for their consideration and advice." 


@0030025, WASH, 06081795, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH NEGOTIATED BY JOHN JAY WITH BRITAIN, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00178, 
"In pursuance of my nomination of John Jay as envoy extraordinary to His 
Britannic Majesty on the 16th day of April, 01, 794, and of the advice and 
consent of the Senate thereto on the 19th, a negotiation was opened in London.  
On the 7th the treaty resulting therefrom was delivered to the Secretary of 
State.  I now transmit to the Senate that treaty and other documents connected 
with it.  They will, therefore, in their wisdom decide whether they will advise 
and consent that the said treaty be made between the United States and His 
Britannic Majesty." 




@0040001, WASH, 12081795, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH INDIANS NORTHWEST OF OHIO, 
0040007, 
Annual Message (Seventh), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00182, 
"The termination of the long, expensive, and distressing war in which we have 
been engaged with certain Indians northwest of the Ohio is placed in the option 
of the United States by a treaty which the commander of our army has concluded 
provisionally with the hostile tribes in that region.
	In the adjustment of the terms the satisfaction of the Indians was deemed 
an object worthy no less of the policy than of the liberality of the United 
States as the necessary basis of durable tranquility.  The object, it is 
believed, has been fully attained.  The articles agreed upon will immediately be 
laid before the Senate for their consideration." 


@0040002, WASH, 12081795, 
REVIEW MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT, 
, 
Annual Message (Seventh), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00184, 
"Among the objects which will claim your attention in the course of the session, 
a review of our military establishment is not the least important.  It is called 
for by the events which have changed, and may be expected still further to 
change, the relative situation of our frontiers.  In this review you will 
doubtless allow due weight to the considerations that the questions between us 
and certain foreign powers are not yet finally adjusted, that the war in Europe 
is not yet terminated, and that our Western posts, when recovered, will demand 
provision for garrisoning and securing them.  A statement of our present 
military force will be laid before you by the Department of War." 


@0040003, WASH, 12081795, 
EXAMINE OPERATIONS OF MILITIA FOR IMPROVEMENTS, 
, 
Annual Message (Seventh), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00184, 
"With the review of our Army establishment is naturally connected that of the 
militia.  It will merit inquiry what imperfections in the existing plan further 
experience may have unfolded.  The subject is of so much moment in my estimation 
as to excite a constant solicitude that the consideration of it may be renewed 
until the greatest attainable perfection shall be accomplished.  Time is wearing 
away some advantages for forwarding the object, while none better deserves the 
persevering attention of the public councils." 


@0040004, WASH, 12081795, 
PROVIDE FOR PUNISHMENT OF CRIMES AGAINST INDIANS, 
0020005; 0030012, 
Annual Message (Seventh), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00185, 
"The provisions heretofore made with a view to the protection of the Indians 
from the violences of the lawless part of our frontier inhabitants are 
insufficient.  It is demonstrated that these violences can now be perpetrated 
with impunity, and it can need no argument to prove that unless the murdering of 
Indians can be retrained by bringing the murderers to condign punishment, all 
the exertions of the Government to prevent destructive retaliations by the 
Indians will prove fruitless and all our present agreeable prospects illusory.  
The frequent destruction of innocent women and children, who are chiefly the 
victims of retaliation, must continue to shock humanity, and an enormous expense 
to drain the Treasury of the Union."


@0040005, WASH, 12081795, 
PROVIDE FOR REDEMPTION OF PUBLIC DEBT, 
0020030; 0030023; 0040018, 
Annual Message (Seventh), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00185, 
"Whether measures may not be advisable to reinforce the provision for the 
redemption of the public debt will naturally engage your examination." 


@0040006, WASH, 12081795, 
PROVIDE FURTHER LEGISLATION TO REGULATE MINT, 
, 
Annual Message (Seventh), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00185, 
"The statements which will be laid before you relative to the Mint will shew the 
situation of that institution and the necessity of some further legislative 
provisions for carrying the business of it more completely into effect, and for 
checking abuses which appear to be arising in particular quarters." 


@0040007, WASH, 12091795
RATIFY TREATY WITH INDIANS NORTHWEST OF THE OHIO RIVER, 
0040001, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 10, 0189, 
"I lay before you, for your consideration, a treaty of peace which has been 
negotiated by General Wayne, on behalf of the United States, with all the late 
hostile tribes of Indians northwest of the river Ohio, together with the 
instructions which were given to General Wayne and the proceedings at the place 
of treaty." 


@0040008, WASH, 01081796, 
PROVIDE A PLAN FOR SELLING OF PROPERTY IN CONJUNCTION WITH PERMANENT SEAT OF 
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00190, 
"Since locating a district for the permanent seat of the Government of the 
United States, as heretofore announced to both Houses of Congress, I have 
accepted the grants of money and of land stated in the memorial of the 
commissioners.  I have directed the buildings therein mentioned to be commenced 
on plans which I deemed consistent with the liberality of the grants and proper 
for the purposes intended.
	I have not been inattentive to this important business intrusted by the 
Legislature to my care.  I have viewed the resources placed in my hands, and 
observed the manner in which they have been applied.  The progress is pretty 
fully detailed in the memorial for the commissioners, and one of them attends to 
give further information if required.  In a case new and arduous, like the 
present, difficulties might naturally be expected.  Some have occurred, but they 
are in a great degree surmounted, and I have no doubt if the remaining resources 
are properly cherished, so as to prevent the loss of property by hasty and 
numerous sales, that all the buildings required for the accommodation of the 
Government of the United States may be completed in season without aid from the 
Federal Treasury.  The subject is therefore recommended to the consideration of 
Congress, and the result will determine the measures which I shall cause to be 
pursued with respect to the property remaining unsold." 


@0040009, WASH, 02151796, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH ALGIERS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00192, 
"Herewith I transmit, for your consideration and advice, a treaty of peace and 
amity, concluded on the 5th day of last September by Joseph Donaldson, Jr., on 
the part of the United States, with the Dey of Algiers, for himself, his Divan, 
and his subjects." 


@0040010, WASH, 02261796, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH SPAIN -- TREATY OF SAN LORENZO OR PINCKNEY'S TREATY DEFINING 
THE BORDER OF WEST FLORIDA, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00192, 
"I send herewith the treaty concluded on the 27th of October last between the 
United States and Spain by their respective plenipotentiaries. [This is the 
treaty known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo or Pinckney's Treaty to define the 
border between Spanish West Florida and western Georgia (Mississippi 
Territory)]." 


@0040011, WASH, 03291796, 
PROVIDE FOR COMMISSIONERS TO MEET REGARDING THE BOUNDARY WITH FLORIDA, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00194, 
"This early communication of the treaty with Spain has become necessary because 
it is stipulated in the third article that commissioners for running the 
boundary line between the territory of the United States and the Spanish 
colonies of East and West Florida shall meet at the Natchez before the 
expiration of six months from the ratification; and as that period will 
undoubtedly arrive before the next meeting of Congress, the House will see the 
necessity of making provision in their present session for the object 
mentioned." 


@0040012, WASH, 03291796, 
PROVIDE FOR EXPENSES IN EXECUTING TREATY WITH SPAIN / COMPENSATE CITIZENS FOR 
LOSSES DURING WAR BETWEEN FRANCE AND SPAIN, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00194, 
"It will also be necessary to provide for the expense to be incurred in 
executing the twenty-first article of the treaty, to enable our fellow-citizens 
to obtain with as little delay as possible compensation for the losses they have 
sustained by the capture of their vessels and cargoes by the subjects of His 
Catholic Majesty during the late war between France and Spain." 


@0040013, WASH, 05051796, 
RATIFY EXPLANATORY ARTICLE ADDED TO THE TREATY OF NAVIGATION AND COMMERCE WITH 
BRITAIN, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00198, 
"I lay before you, for your consideration and advice, an explanatory article 
proposed to be added to the treaty of amity, commerce, and navigation between 
the United States and Great Britain, together with a copy of the full power to 
the Secretary of State to negotiate the same." 


@0040014, WASH, 12071796, 
IMPLEMENT LAW CREATING U.S. NAVY, 
, 
Annual Message (Eighth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00201, 
"To an active external commerce the protection of a naval force is 
indispensable.  This is manifest with regard to wars in which a State is itself 
a party.  But besides this, it is in our own experience that the most sincere 
neutrality is not a sufficient guard against the depredations of nations at war.  
To secure respect to a neutral flag requires a naval force organized and ready 
to vindicate it from insult or aggression.  This may even prevent the necessity 
of going to war by discouraging belligerent powers from committing such 
violations of the rights of the neutral party as may, first or last, leave no 
other option.  From the best information I have been able to obtain it would 
seem as if our trade to the Mediterranean without a protecting force will always 
be insecure and our citizens exposed to the calamities form which numbers of 
them have but just been relieved.
	These considerations invite the United States to look to the means, and to 
set about the gradual creation of a navy. [The U.S. Navy was created by statute 
in the Second Congress, March 27, 1794;  1 Stat. 350-51.]" 


@0040015, WASH, 12071796, 
PROVIDE FOR DOMESTIC MANUFACTURE OF WAR ITEMS, 
, 
Annual Message (Eighth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00201, 
"Congress have repeatedly, and not without success, directed their attention to 
the encouragement of manufactures.  The object is of too much consequence not to 
insure a continuance of their efforts in every way which shall appear eligible.  
As a general rule, manufactures on public account are inexpedient; but where the 
state of things in a country leaves little hope that certain branches of 
manufacture will for a great length of time obtain, when these are of a nature 
essential to the furnishing and equipping of the public force in time of war, 
are not establishments for procuring them on public account to the extent of the 
ordinary demand for the public service recommended by strong considerations of 
national policy as an exception to the general rule?  Ought our country to 
remain in such cases dependent on foreign supply, precarious because liable to 
be interrupted?  If the necessary article should in this mode cost more in time 
of peace, will not the security and independence thence arising from an ample 
compensation?  Establishments of this sort, commensurate only with the calls of 
the public service in time of peace, will in time of war easily be extended in 
proportion to the exigencies of the Government, and may even perhaps be made to 
yield a surplus for the supply of our citizens at large, so as to mitigate the 
privations from the interruption of their trade.  If adopted, the plan ought to 
exclude all those branches which are already, or likely soon to be, established 
in the country, in order that there may be no danger of interference with 
pursuits of individual industry." 


@0040016, WASH, 12071796, 
ESTABLISH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY AND MILITARY ACADEMY, 
, 
Annual Message (Eighth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00201, 
"I have heretofore proposed to the consideration of Congress the expediency of 
establishing a national university and also a military academy.  The 
desirableness of both these institutions has so constantly increased with every 
new view I have taken of the subject that I can not omit the opportunity of once 
for all recalling your attention to them.
	The assembly to which I address myself is too enlightened not to be fully 
sensible how much a flourishing state of the arts and sciences contributes to 
national prosperity and reputation.
	. . .The institution of a military academy is also recommended by cogent 
reasons.  However pacific the general policy of a nation may be, it ought never 
to be without an adequate stock of military knowledge for emergencies." 


@0040017, WASH, 12071796, 
REVISE COMPENSATIONS TO OFFICERS, 
, 
Annual Message (Eighth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00203, 
"The compensations to the officers of the United States in various instances, 
and in none more than in respect to the most important stations, appear to call 
for legislative revision." 


@0040018, WASH, 12071796, 
CONTINUE EFFORTS TO DISCHARGE PUBLIC DEBT, 
0020030; 0030023; 0040005, 
Annual Message (Eighth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00204, 
"A reinforcement of the existing provisions for discharging our public debt was 
mentioned in my address at the opening of the last session.  Some preliminary 
steps were taken toward it, the maturing of which will no doubt engage your 
zealous attention during the present." 


@0040019, WASH, 12071796, 
IMPROVE LAWS FOR THE MILITIA, 
0030020, 
Annual Message (Eighth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00204, 
"My solicitude to see the militia of the United States placed on an efficient 
establishment has been so often and so ardently expressed that I shall but 
barely recall the subject to your view on the present occasion . . . " 


@0040020, WASH, 12171796, 
SECURE HARBORS, 
, 
Annual Message (Eighth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00204, 
". . . at the same time that I shall submit to your inquiry whether our harbors 
are yet sufficiently secured." 


@0040021, WASH, 01041797, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH CREEK INDIANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00210, 
"I lay before you for your consideration a treaty which has been negotiated and 
concluded on the 29th day of June last by Benjamin Hawkins, Andrew Pickens, and 
George Clymer, commissioners on behalf of the United States, with the Creek 
Indians, together with the instructions which were given to the said 
commissioners and the proceedings at the place of treaty." 


@0040022, WASH, 01041797, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH SEVEN NATIONS OF CANADA INDIANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00210, 
"I submit also the proceedings and result of a treaty, held at the City of New 
York, on behalf of the State of New York, with certain nations or tribes of 
Indians denominating themselves the Seven Nations of Canada." 



@0050001, ADAM, 05161797, 
BUILD AND STRENGTHEN A U.S. NAVAL FORCE, 
, 
Special Session Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00237, 
"A naval power, next to the militia, is the best natural defense of the United 
States."


@0050002, ADAM, 05161797, 
ARM FRIGATES AND OTHER UNARMED VESSELS, 
, 
Special Session Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00237, 
"It remains for Congress to prescribe such regulations as will enable our 
seafaring citizens to defend themselves against violence of the law of nations, 
and at the same time restrain then from committing acts of hostility against the 
powers at war." 
	...It appears to me necessary to equip the frigates, and provide other 
vessels of inferior force, to take under convoy such merchant vessels as shall 
remain unarmed." 


@0050003, ADAM, 05161797, 
PROVIDE FOR PUNISHMENT OF U.S. CITIZENS ACTING AS PIRATES ABROAD, 
, 
Special Session Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00237, 
"...some of our citizens resident abroad have fitted out privateers, ...and 
committed spoilations on the commerce of the United States.  Such unnatural and 
iniquitous practices can be restrained only by severe punishments." 


@0050004, ADAM, 05161797, 
DEFEND SEAPORTS, 
, 
Special Session Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00238, 
"To guard against sudden and predatory incursions the situation of some of our 
principal seaports demands your consideration."


@0050005, ADAM, 05161797, 
CONSIDER FORMING A PROVISIONAL ARMY, 
, 
Special Session Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00238, 
"...You will seriously debate whether the means of general defense ought not to 
be increased ...by arrangements for forming a provisional army." 


@0050006, ADAM, 05161797, 
CONSIDER ADDITION TO THE REGULAR ARTILLERY, 
, 
Special Session Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00238, 
"...you will seriously debate whether the means of general defense ought not to 
be increased by an addition to the regular artillery..." 


@0050007, ADAM, 05161797, 
CONSIDER ADDITION TO THE REGULAR CAVALRY, 
, 
Special Session Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00238, 
"...you will seriously debate whether the means of general defense ought not to 
be increased by an addition to the regular ... cavalry..." 


@0050008, ADAM, 05261797, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH THE BEY AND SUBJECTS OF TRIPOLI, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00245, 
"I lay before you ... a treaty of perpetual peace and friendship between the 
United States of America and the Bey and subjects of Tripoli, of Barbary, 
concluded at Tripoli on the 4th day of November, 1796." 


@0050009, ADAM, 06121797, 
PROVIDE ASSURANCES TO OCCUPANTS OF THE NATCHEZ DISTRICT WHO HAVE OBTAINED LEGAL 
TITLE LAND, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00246, 
"...it merits the consideration of Congress whether it will not be expedient to 
pass a law giving positive assurances to those inhabitants who, by fair and 
regular grants or by occupancy, have obtained legal titles or equitable claims 
to lands in ...[the Natchez district evacuated by Spain] prior to the final 
ratification of treaty between the United States and Spain on the 25th of April, 
1796." 


@0050010, ADAM, 06121797, 
ESTABLISH GOVERNMENT IN DISTRICT OF NATCHEZ, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00246, 
"I recommend to your consideration the expediency of erecting a government in 
the district of the Natchez..." 


@0050011, ADAM, 09221797, 
STRENGTHEN THE COUNTRY'S DEFENSE TO PROTECT COMMERCE, 
, 
Annual Message (First), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00251, 
"...I should hold myself guilty of neglect of duty if I forbore to recommend 
that we should make every exertion to protect our commerce and to place our 
country in a suitable posture of defense as the only sure means of preserving 
both." 


@0050012, ADAM, 09221797, 
PROVIDE FOR PUNISHMENT OF ATTEMPTS TO ALIENATE THE INDIAN NATIONS, 
, 
Annual Message (First), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00252, 
"... attempts of foreign agents to alienate the affections of the Indian nations 
and to excite them to actual hostilities against the United States....  a law 
providing adequate punishment for such offenses may be necessary." 


@0050013, ADAM, 09221797, 
AUTHORIZE CONSULS TO HAVE THE AUTHORITY TO DEMAND INSPECTION OF SAILING VESSELS 
AND SEA LETTERS, 
, 
Annual Message (First), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00253, 
"The consular act relative to seamen requires revision and amendment.  The 
provisions for their support in foreign countries and for their return are found 
to be inadequate and ineffectual.  Another provision seems necessary to be added 
to the consular act.... foreign vessels have been discovered sailing under the 
flag of the United States.... [Consuls] have no authority to demand an 
inspection of the registers and sea letters." 


@0050014, ADAM, 12061797, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH SENECA NATION ONLY AFTER PRESIDENT ASCERTAINS CONFORMITY WITH 
CONDITIONS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00259, 
"[Treaty with the Seneca Nation of Indians, including a deed of bargain and 
sale.]...it is suggested whether it would not be expedient that the ratification 
should be made conclusive and binding on the parties only after the President 
shall be satisfied that the investment of the moneys has been made conformably 
to the intention of the treaty." 


@0050015, ADAM, 02211798, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH TUNIS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00263, 
"Having received the original treaty concluded between the United States and the 
Government of Tunis, I lay it before the Senate of the United States whether 
they advise and consent to its ratification." 


@0050016, ADAM, 04121797, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH MOHAWK NATION, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00256, 
"A treaty with the Mohawk Nation of Indians.... I now submit it to the Senate 
for their consideration." 


@0050017, ADAM, 12081798, 
EXAMINE ESTABLISHING HEALTH REGULATIONS, 
, 
Annual Message (Second), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00271, 
"I think it is my duty to invite the Legislature of the Union to examine the 
expediency of establishing suitable regulations in aid of the health laws of the 
respective States..." 


@0050018, ADAM, 12081798, 
INCREASE SIZE OF NAVY, 
, 
Annual Message (Second), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00273, 
"We ought without loss of time to lay the foundation for an increase of our Navy 
to a size sufficient to guard our coast and protect our trade. [Note that Naval 
vessels were authorized by Act of April 27, 1798, 1 Stat 552 and Navy Department 
was created by Act of April 30, 1798, 1 Stat 553.]" 


@0050019, ADAM, 01151799, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH CHEROKEE INDIANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00281, 
"I transmit to you the treaty between the United States and the Cherokee 
Indians... for your consideration." 




@0060001, ADAM, 12031799, 
REVISE AND AMEND JUDICIARY SYSTEM, 
0060003, 
Third Annual Address, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00289, 
"... a revision and amendment of the judiciary system is indispensably 
necessary." 


@0060002, ADAM, 12061799, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH PRUSSIA, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00297, 
"I lay before you, for your consideration, a treaty of amity and commerce 
between the United States and the King of Prussia..." 


@0060003, ADAM, 11221800, 
CONSIDER REVISION OF JUDICIARY SYSTEM, 
0060001, 
Annual Message (Fourth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00306, 
"It is in every point of view of such primary importance to carry the laws into 
prompt and faithful execution, and to render that part of the administration of 
justice which the Constitution and laws devolve on the Federal courts as 
convenient to the people as may consist with their present circumstances, that I 
can not omit once more to recommend to your serious consideration the judiciary 
system of the United States.  No subject is more interesting than this to the 
public happiness, and to none can those improvements which may have been 
suggested by experience be more beneficially applied." (Annals 10, p.837, seen 
as request by the Congress) 


@0060004, ADAM, 11221800, 
CONSIDER ADDITIONAL APPROPRIATIONS TO FORTIFY SEAPORTS, 
, 
Annual Message (Fourth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00307, 
"In connection with a navy ought to be contemplated the fortification of some of 
our principal seaports and harbors.... It is for Congress to determine whether 
additional appropriations shall be made in order to render competent to the 
intended purposes the fortifications which have been commenced." 


@0060005, ADAM, 12151800, 
RATIFY CONVENTION WITH FRANCE, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00313, 
"I transmit to the Senate, for their consideration and decision, a convention... 
between the United States of America and the French Republic..." 




@0070001, JEFF, 12081801, 
ELIMINATE INTERNAL TAXES, 
, 
Annual Message (First), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00328, 
". . .  safely dispense with all the internal taxes, comprehending excise, 
stamps, auctions, licenses, carriages, and refined sugars, to which the postage 
on newspapers may be added to facilitate the progress of information, . . . " 


@0070002, JEFF, 12081801, 
PASS LEGISLATION TO REDEEM THE PUBLIC DEBT, 
, 
Annual Message (First), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00328, 
". . . . and that the remaining sources of revenue will be sufficient to provide 
for the support of Government, to pay the interest of the public debts, and to 
discharge the principals within shorter periods than the laws of the general 
expectation had contemplated." 


@0070003, JEFF, 12081801, 
REDUCE EXPENDITURES FOR GOVERNMENT AND MILITARY, 
, 
Annual Message (First), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00328, 
". . . . a salutary reduction may take place in our habitual expenditures.  For 
this purpose those of the civil Government, the Army, and Navy will need 
revisal." 


@0070004, JEFF, 12081801, 
REGULATE -- BY LAW -- EXECUTIVE POWER TO CREATE AGENCIES, 
, 
Annual Message (First), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00328, 
"The expenses of diplomatic agency have been considerably diminished.  The 
inspectors of internal revenue who were found to obstruct the accountability of 
the institution have been discontinued.  Several agencies created by Executive 
authority, on salaries fixed by that also, have been suppressed, and should 
suggest the expediency of regulating that power by law, so as to subject its 
exercises to legislative inspection and sanction." 


@0070005, JEFF, 12081801, 
APPROPRIATE SPECIFIC SUMS TOWARD SPECIFIC PURPOSES, 
, 
Annual Message (First), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00329, 
"In our care, too, of the public contributions intrusted to our direction it 
would be prudent to multiply barriers against their dissipation by appropriating 
specific sums to every specific purpose susceptible of definition." 


@0070006, JEFF, 12081801, 
PERFECT LAWS REGULATING THE MILITIA, 
, 
Annual Message (First), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00329, 
"These considerations render it important that we should at every session 
continue to amend the defects which from time to time shew themselves in the 
laws for regulating the militia until they are sufficiently perfect.  Nor should 
we now or at any time separate until we can say we have done everything for the 
militia which we could do were an enemy at our door." 

@0070007, JEFF, 12081801, 
MAINTAIN A SMALL FORCE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN, 
, 
Annual Message (First), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00330, 
"A small force will probably continue to be wanted for actual service in the 
Mediterranean." 


@0070008, JEFF, 12081801, 
DETERMINE HOW MANY NAVAL YARDS ARE NECESSARY, 
, 
Annual Message (First), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00330, 
"How far the authority given by the Legislature for procuring and establishing 
sites for naval purposes has been perfectly understood and pursued in the 
execution admits of some doubt.  A statement of the expenses already incurred on 
that subject is now laid before you.  I have in certain cases suspended or 
slackened these expenditures, that the Legislature might determine whether so 
many yards are necessary as have been contemplated." 


@0070009, JEFF, 12081801, 
FIX THE DUTIES OF NAVAL YARD SUPERINTENDING OFFICERS, 
, 
Annual Message (First)
Messages and Papers, 001, 00330, 
"As a superintending officer will be necessary at each yard, his duties and 
emoluments, hitherto fixed by the Executive, will be a more proper subject for 
legislation." 


@0070010, JEFF, 12081801, 
REPEAL JUDICIARY ACT OF 1801, 
, 
Annual Message (First), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00331, 
"The judiciary system of the United States, and especially that portion of it 
recently erected, will of course present itself to the contemplation of 
Congress, and, that they may be able to judge of the proportion which the 
institution bears to the business it has to perform, I have caused to be 
procured from the several States and now lay before Congress an exact statement 
of all the causes decided since the first establishment of the courts, and of 
those which were depending when additional courts and judges were brought in to 
their aid." 


@0070011, JEFF, 12081801, 
CONSIDER WHETHER THE IMPARTIALITY OF JURIES IS SUFFICIENTLY PROTECTED, 
, 
Annual Message (First), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00331, 
". . . it will be worthy your consideration whether the protection of the 
inestimable institution of juries has been extended to all the cases involving 
the security of our persons and property.  Their impartial selection also being 
essential to their value, we ought further to consider whether that is 
sufficiently secured in those States where they are named by a marshal depending 
on Executive will or designated by the court or by officers dependent on them." 


@0070012, JEFF, 12081801, 
REVISE THE NATURALIZATION LAWS, 
, 
Annual Message (First), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00331, 
"I can not omit recommending a revisal of the laws on the subject of 
naturalization." 


@0070013, JEFF, 12111801, 
RATIFY CONVENTION WITH FRANCE, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00332, 
"I have thought it my duty, in order to avoid all misconception, to ask a second 
advice and consent of the Senate before I give it the last sanction by 
proclaiming it to be a law of the land." 
(Ratification of the convention between the United States and France - December 
11, 1801) 


@0070014, JEFF, 12221801, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH CHICKASAW NATION, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00332, 
"Those to the Chickasaws produced the treaty now laid before you for your advice 
and consent, whereby we obtained permission to open a road of communication with 
the Mississippi Territory." 


@0070015, JEFF, 01271802, 
REVIVE AND EXTEND ACT AUTHORIZING TRADING HOUSES, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00334, 
"[RE:  Act authorizing Indian trading houses:] Its revival, therefore, as well 
as its extension, is submitted to the consideration of the Legislature." 


@0070016, JEFF, 01271802, 
ENACT LEGISLATION CALLING FOR MILITARY EXECUTIONS OF CRIMINAL INDIANS -- BY 
SHOOTING AS OPPOSED TO HANGING, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00334, 
"[RE:  Expiration of the act regulating trade and intercourse with the Indian 
tribes:]  While on the subject of its continuance it will be worthy the 
consideration of the Legislature whether the provisions of the law inflicting on 
Indians, in certain cases, the punishment of death by hanging might not permit 
its commutation into death by military execution, the form of the punishment in 
the former way being peculiarly repugnant to their ideas and increasing the 
obstacles to the surrender of the criminal." 


@0070017, JEFF, 01271802, 
ENACT LEGISLATION BANNING THE USE OF DISTILLED LIQUOR AMONG INDIANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00334, 
"These people (Indians) are becoming very sensible of the baneful effects 
produced on their morals, their health, and existence by the abuse of ardent 
spirits, and some of them earnestly desire a prohibition of that article from 
being carried among them.  The Legislature will consider whether the 
effectuating that desire would not be in the spirit of benevolence and 
liberality which they have hitherto practiced toward these our neighbors and 
which had so happy an effect toward conciliating their friendship." 


@0070018, JEFF, 01271802, 
PROVIDE FUNDS TO RUN AND MARK BOUNDARIES WITH THE INDIANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00335, 
"It is now become necessary to run and mark the boundaries between them 
[Indians] and us in various parts.  The law last mentioned has authorized this 
to be done, but no existing appropriation meets the expense." 


@0070019, JEFF, 02021802, 
PROVIDE FUNDS TO ESTABLISH A PERMANENT MAGAZINE FORT TO PROTECT CAROLINAS AND 
GEORGIA, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00335, 
"Besides the permanent magazines established at Springfield, West Point, and 
Harpers Ferry, it is thought one should be established in some point convenient 
for the States of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.  Such a point 
will probably be found near the border of the Carolinas, and some small 
provision by the Legislature preparatory to the establishment will be necessary 
for the present year." 


@0070020, JEFF, 02041802, 
PROVIDE FOR BETTER HOSPITAL PROVISIONS FOR THE PORT OF NEW ORLEANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00337, 
"When we consider how great a proportion of the territory of the United States 
must communicate with that port (New Orleans) singly, and how rapidly that 
territory is increasing its population and productions, it may perhaps be 
thought reasonable to make hospital provisions there of a different order from 
those at foreign ports generally." 


@0070021, JEFF, 03101802, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH CHOCTAWS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00338, 
"I now submit for the ratification of the Senate a treaty entered into by the 
commissioners of the United States with the Choctaw Nation of Indians, and I 
transmit therewith so much of the instructions to the commissioners as related 
to the Choctaws, with the minutes of their proceedings and the letter 
accompanying them." 


0070022, JEFF, 03291802, 
RATIFY CONVENTION WITH BRITAIN, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00339, 
"Mr. King was consequently authorized to meet this proposition, and a settlement 
in this way has been effected by a convention entered into with the British 
Government, and now communicated for your advice and consent, together with the 
instructions and correspondence relating to it." 


@0070023, JEFF, 04271802, 
PROVIDE FUNDS TO EXECUTE CONVENTION WITH BRITAIN, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00342, 
"I now transmit copies thereof to both Houses of Congress, trusting that in the 
free exercise of the authority which the Constitution has given them on the 
subject of public expenditures they will deem it for the public interest to 
appropriate the sums necessary for carrying this convention into execution. [RE: 
The sixth article of the treaty of amity, commerce, and navigation between the 
United States and Great Britain]" 


@0070024, JEFF, 12151802, 
PROVIDE FUNDS TO MAINTAIN NAVY, 
, 
Annual Message (Second), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00345, 
"Presuming it will be deemed expedient to expend annually a convenient sum 
toward providing the naval defense which our situation may require, I can not 
but recommend that the first appropriations for that purpose may go to the 
saving what we already possess." 


@0070025, JEFF, 12151802, 
PROVIDE FUNDS FOR DRY DOCKS, 
, 
Annual Message (Second), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00345, 
"These decays require great and constant repairs, and will consume, if 
continued, a great portion of the moneys destined to naval purposes.  To avoid 
this waste of our resources it is proposed to add to our navy-yard here a dock 
within which our present vessels may be laid up dry and under cover from the 
sun." 


@0070026, JEFF, 12271802, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH CREEK NATION, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00347, 
"I lay before you a treaty, which has been agreed to by commissioners duly 
authorized on the part of the United States and the Creek Nation of Indians, for 
the extinguishment of the native title to lands in the Talassee County, and 
others between the forks of the Oconee and Oakmulgee rivers, in Georgia, in 
pursuance of the convention with that State, together with the documents 
explanatory thereof;  and it is submitted to your determination whether you will 
advise and consent to the ratification thereof." 


@0070027, JEFF, 12271802, 
RATIFY TREATY BETWEEN NEW YORK AND THE ONEIDA INDIANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00347, 
"I lay before you a treaty, which has been concluded between the State of New 
York and the Oneida Indians, for the purchase of lands within that State. . . . 
. It is therefore submitted to your determination whether you will advise and 
consent to their respective ratifications." 


@0070028, JEFF, 12271802, 
RATIFY TREATY BETWEEN NEW YORK AND THE SENECA INDIANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00347, 
"One other, between the same State (New York) and the Seneca Indians, for the 
purchase of other lands within the same State.  . . . It is therefore submitted 
to your determination whether you will advise and consent to their respective 
ratifications." 


@0070029, JEFF, 12271802, 
RATIFY AGREEMENT BETWEEN HOLLAND COMPANY AND THE SENECA INDIANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00347, 
"One other, between certain individuals styled the Holland Company with the 
Senecas, for the exchange of certain lands in the same State [New York]. . . It 
is therefore submitted to your determination whether you will advise and consent 
to their respective ratifications." 


@0070030, JEFF, 12271802, 
RATIFY AGREEMENT BETWEEN OLIVER PHELPS AND THE SENECA INDIANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00347, 
"One other, between Oliver Phelps, a citizen of the United States, and the 
Senecas, for the exchange of lands in the same State [New York]. . . It is 
therefore submitted to your determination whether you will advise and consent to 
their respective ratifications." 


@0070031, JEFF, 01071803, 
RATIFY CONVENTION BETWEEN U.S. AND CHOCTAW NATION, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00350, 
"I submit for your approbation and consent a convention entered into with the 
Choctaw Nation of Indians for ascertaining and marking the limits of the 
territory ceded to our nation while under its former government, and lying 
between the Tombigbee and Mobile rivers on the east and the Chickasawhay River 
on the west." 


@0070032, JEFF, 01111803, 
RATIFY CONVENTION WITH SPAIN, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00351, 
"The spoilations and irregularities committed on our commerce during the late 
war by subjects of Spain or by others deemed within her responsibility having 
called for attention, instructions were accordingly given to our minister at 
Madrid to urge our right to just indemnifications, and to propose a convention 
for adjusting them.  The Spanish Government listened to our proposition with an 
honorable readiness and agreed to a convention, which I now submit for your 
advice and consent.  It does not go to the satisfaction of all our claims [but 
minister will pursue the residue further]." 

@0070033, JEFF, 01181803, 
ENACT PROVISIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL AND DOMESTIC SUPPLIES FOR CHICKASAW INDIANS IN 
EXCHANGE -- PROSPECTIVELY -- FOR LAND ON THE MISSISSIPPI, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00353, 
"We possess what is below the Yazoo, and can probably acquire a certain breadth 
from the Illinois and Wabash to the Ohio; but between the Ohio and Yazoo the 
country all belongs to the Chickasaws, the most friendly tribe within our 
limits, but the most decided against the alienation of lands.  The portion of 
their country most important for us is exactly that which they do not inhabit.  
Their settlements are not on the Mississippi, but in the interior country.  They 
have lately shown a desire to become agricultural, and this leads to the desire 
of buying implements and comforts.  In the strengthening and gratifying of these 
wants I see the only prospect of planting of the Mississippi itself the means of 
its own safety.  Duty has required me to submit these views to the judgement of 
the Legislature, but as their disclosure might embarrass and defeat their 
effect, they are committed to the special confidence of the two Houses." 


@0070034, JEFF, 01181803, 
PROVIDE FUNDS FOR THE EXTENSION OF EXTERNAL COMMERCE, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00354, 
"The interest of commerce place the principal object within the constitutional 
powers and care of Congress, and that is should incidentally advance the 
geographical knowledge of our own continent can not but be an additional 
gratification.  . . . . The appropriation of $2,500 'for the purpose of 
extending the external commerce of the United States,' while understood and 
considered by the Executive as giving the legislative sanction, would cover the 
undertaking from notice and prevent the obstructions which interested 
individuals might otherwise previously prepare in its way." 


@0070035, JEFF, 01181803, 
PROVIDE FUNDS TO ENABLE INDIANS TO EXTRACT SALT FROM SALT SPRINGS ON THE WABASH, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00354, 
"To this I have to add that when the Indians ceded to us the salt springs on the 
Wabash they expressed a hope that we would so employ them as to enable them to 
procure there the necessary supplies of salt.  . . . For these purposes a small 
appropriation would be necessary to meet the first expenses, after which they 
should support themselves and repay those advances." 


@0070036, JEFF, 01241803, 
LEGISLATE FIXED SALARIES FOR SURVEYOR AND SUPERINTENDENT OF WASHINGTON D.C., 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00355, 
"The office of the surveyor for the city, created during the former 
establishment, being of indispensable necessity, it has been continued, and to 
that of the superintendent, substituted instead of the board of commissioners at 
the last session of Congress, no salary was annexed by law.  These offices being 
permanent, I have supposed it more agreeable to principle that their salaries 
should be fixed by the Legislature, and therefore have assigned them none." 


@0070037, JEFF, 02211803, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH TUSCARORA INDIANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00356, 
"The Tuscarora Indians, having an interest in some lands within the State of 
North Carolina, asked the superintendence of the Government of the United States 
over a treaty to be held between them and the State of North Carolina respecting 
these lands.  . . . . This, with his letter on the subject, is now laid before 
the Senate for their advice and consent whether it shall be ratified." 


@0070038, JEFF, 02231803, 
ENABLE THE PRESIDENT TO MAKE RESTITUTIONS TO DENMARK FOR THE TAKING OF A SHIP, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00357, 
"[RE:  The taking of the Danish brigantine Henrick]  Indemnification for these 
losses occasioned by our officers is now claimed by the sufferers, supported by 
the representations of their Government.  I have no doubt the Legislature will 
give to the subject that just attention and consideration which it is useful as 
well as honorable to practice in our transactions with other nations, and 
particularly with one which has observed toward us the most friendly treatment 
and regard." 




@0080001, JEFF, 10171803, 
PROVIDE FOR OCCUPATION AND GOVERNMENT OF MISSISSIPPI REGION CEDED BY FRANCE, 
, 
Annual Message (Third), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00358, 
"[RE:  The Mississippi and its waters:] With the wisdom of Congress it will rest 
to take those ulterior measures which may be necessary for the immediate 
occupation and temporary government of the country; . . . " 


@0080002, JEFF, 10171803, 
RATIFY CONVENTIONS WITH FRANCE FOR LOUISIANA PURCHASE, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00362, 
"In my message of this day to both Houses of Congress I explained the 
circumstances which had led to the conclusion of conventions with France for the 
cession of the Province of Louisiana to the United States.  Those conventions 
are now laid before you with such communications relating to them as may assist 
in deciding whether you will advise and consent to their ratification." 


@0080003, JEFF, 10211803, 
PROVIDE FOR ULTERIOR PROVISIONS FOR THE OCCUPATION AND GOVERNMENT OF MISSISSIPPI 
REGION CEDED BY FRANCE, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00363, 
"You will observe that some important conditions can not be carried into 
execution but with the aid of the Legislature, and that time presses a decision 
on them without delay.  The ulterior provisions, also suggested in the same 
communication, for the occupation and government of the country will call for 
early attention.  . . . . it is for your consideration whether you will not 
forthwith make such temporary provisions for the preservation in the meanwhile 
of order and tranquillity in the country as the case may require." 


@0080004, JEFF, 10241803, 
RATIFY BORDER TREATY WITH BRITAIN, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00363, 
"I lay before you the convention signed on the 12th day of May last between the 
United States and Great Britain for settling their boundaries in the 
northeastern parts of the United States, which was mentioned in my general 
message of the 17th instant, together with such papers relating thereto as may 
enable you to determine whether you will advise and consent to its 
ratification." 


@0080005, JEFF, 10311803, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH KASKASKIA INDIANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00363, 
"I now lay before you the treaty mentioned in my general message at the opening 
session as having been concluded with the Kaskaskia Indians for the transfer of 
their country to us under certain reservations and conditions. . . . . now 
submitted to the Senate for consideration whether they will advise and consent 
to their ratification." 


@0080006, JEFF, 10311803, 
RATIFY BORDER TREATIES WITH SEVERAL INDIAN TRIBES CONCERNING AREA AROUND ST. 
VINCENNES, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00363, 
"Progress having been made in the demarcation of Indian boundaries, I am now 
able to communicate to you a treaty with the Delawares, Shawanese, Potawatamies, 
Miamis, Eel-rivers, Weeas, Kickapoos, Piankeshaws, and Kaskaskias, establishing 
the boundaries of the territory around St. Vincennes. . . . . now submitted to 
the Senate for consideration whether they will advise and consent to their 
ratification." 


@0080007, JEFF, 10311803, 
RATIFY SUPPLEMENTARY TREATY WITH SEVERAL INDIAN TRIBES REGARDING BORDER TREATY 
FOR AREAS AROUND ST. VINCENNES, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00363, 
"Also a supplementary treaty with the Eel-rivers, Wyandots, Piankeshaws, 
Kaskaskias, and Kickapoos, in confirmation of the fourth article of the 
preceding treaty. . . now submitted to the Senate for consideration whether they 
will advise and consent to their ratification." 


@0080008, JEFF, 10311803, 
RATIFY BORDER TREATY WITH CHOCTAWS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00363, 
"Also a treaty with the Choctaws, describing and establishing our demarcation of 
boundaries with them. . . . . now submitted to the Senate for consideration 
whether they will advise and consent to their ratification." 


@0080009, JEFF, 11041803, 
ENACT LEGISLATION TO PROVIDE PROTECTION AGAINST BARBARY POWERS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00364, 
"[RE:  The incident involving the Constitution and the Philadelphia:]  In the 
meanwhile it is for Congress to consider the provisional authorities which may 
be necessary to restrain the depredations of this power should they be 
continued." 


@0080010, JEFF, 11251803, 
ENACT MEASURES TO IMPLEMENT TREATY WITH KASKASKIA INDIANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00365, 
"The treaty with the Kaskaskia Indians being ratified with the advice and 
consent of the Senate, it is now laid before both Houses in their legislative 
capacity.  I will inform them of the obligations which the United States thereby 
contract, and particularly that of taking the tribe under their future 
protection, and that the ceded country is submitted to their immediate 
possession and disposal." 


@0080011, JEFF, 12051803, 
REIMBURSE CAPTORS OF MISHOUDA AND MIRBOHA, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00366, 
"I recommend to the consideration of Congress a just indemnification for the 
interest acquired by the captors of the Mishouda and Mirboha, yielded by them 
for the public accommodation." 


@0080012, JEFF, 12211803, 
PROLONG SUSPENSION OF INDEMNITIES CONCEDED BY SPAIN, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00366, 
"As this instrument did not embrace French seizures and condemnations of our 
vessels in the ports of Spain, for which we deemed the latter power responsible, 
our minister at that Court was instructed to press for an additional article, 
comprehending that branch of wrongs.  I now communicate what has since passed on 
that subject.  The Senate will judge whether the prospect it offers will justify 
a longer suspension of that portion of indemnities conceded by Spain should she 
now take no advantage of the lapse of the period for ratification." 


@0080013, JEFF, 03201804, 
PROVIDE ADDITIONAL SUMS FOR MEDITERRANEAN FORCES, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00368, 
"This accident renders it expedient to increase our force and enlarge our 
expenses in the Mediterranean beyond what the last appropriation for the naval 
service contemplated.  I recommend, therefore, to the consideration of Congress 
such an addition to that appropriation as they may think the exigency requires." 


@0080014, JEFF, 11081804, 
ADOPT MEASURES FOR RESTRICTING PRIVATE WARFARE, 
, 
Annual Message (Fourth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00370, 
"That individuals should undertake to wage private war, independently of the 
authority of their country, can not be permitted in a well-ordered society.  Its 
tendency to produce aggression on the laws and rights of other nations and to 
endanger the peace of our own is so obvious that I doubt not you will adopt 
measures for restraining it effectually in future." 


@0080015, JEFF, 11081804, 
PROVIDE FUNDS FOR EXTENSION OF COMMERCE WITH WESTERN INDIANS TO ENCOURAGE PEACE 
AND EXTEND FRONTIER, 
, 
Annual Message (Fourth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00372, 
"Instead, therefore, of an augmentation of military force proportioned to our 
extension of frontier, I propose a moderate enlargement of the capital employed 
in that commerce as a more effectual, economical, and humane instrument for 
preserving peace and good neighborhood with them." 


@0080016, JEFF, 11151804, 
RATIFY DELAWARE INDIAN CESSION TREATY, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00373, 
"I now lay before you a treaty, entered into on the 18th day of August of the 
present year, between the United States on one part and the Delaware Indians on 
the other, for the extinguishment of their title to a tract of country between 
the Ohio and Wabash rivers. . . . . which treaties are submitted for your advice 
and consent." 


@0080017, JEFF, 11151804, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH PIANKESHAWS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00374, 
"And another of the 27th of the same month, (August) between the United States 
and the Piankeshaws, . . . which treaties are submitted for your advice and 
consent." 


@0080018, JEFF, 11301804, 
LEGISLATE MEASURES APPROPRIATE TO IMPLEMENTATION OF TREATIES WITH DELAWARE AND 
PIANKESHAW INDIANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00374, 
"I now lay before you copies of the treaties concluded with the Delawares and 
Piankeshaw Indians for the extinguishment of their title to the lands therein 
described, and I recommend to the consideration of Congress the making provision 
by law for carrying them into execution." 


@0080019, JEFF, 12131804, 
RATIFY CESSION TREATY WITH CREEK INDIANS AND AMEND IT TO COMPENSATE FOR LAND 
WITH ANNUITY INSTEAD OF STOCK, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00374, 
"I present for your advice a treaty entered into on behalf of the United States 
with the Creek Indians for the extinguishment of their right in certain lands in 
the forks of Oconee and Okmulgee rivers, within the State of Georgia. . . . To 
this may be added that if, by an alteration in the first article, instead of 
giving them stock which may be passed into other hands and render them the prey 
of speculators, an annuity shall be paid them in this case, as has hitherto been 
practiced in all similar cases, the price of these lands will become a pledge 
and guaranty for our future peace with this important tribe, and eventually an 
indemnity for the breach of it." 


@0080020, JEFF, 12311804, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH SACS AND FOXES, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00375, 
"The Sacs and Foxes acting generally as one nation, and coming forward together, 
he found it necessary to add an annuity for the latter tribe also, enlarging 
proportionally the cession of territory, which was accordingly done by the 
treaty communicated, of November the 3d, with those two tribes.  This cession, 
giving us a perfect title to such a breadth of country on the eastern side of 
the Mississippi, with a command of the Ouisconsin, strengthens our means of 
retaining exclusive commerce with the Indians on the western side of the 
Mississippi - a right indispensable to the policy of governing those Indians by 
commerce rather than by arms.  The treaty is now submitted to the Senate for 
their advice and consent." 


@0080021, JEFF, 02131805, 
IMPLEMENT TREATIES WITH SACS AND FOXES AND WITH DELAWARE AND PIANDESHAW INDIANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00377, 
"These treaties, having been advised and consented to by the Senate, have 
accordingly been ratified, but as they involve conditions which require 
legislative provision, they are now submitted to both branches for 
consideration." 


@0080022, JEFF, 03041805, 
AMEND CONSTITUTION TO ALLOW FOR REPARTITION OF FUNDS TO STATES FOR INTERNAL 
IMPROVEMENTS, 
0090035, 
Second Inaugural Address, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00379, 
"These contributions enable us to support the current expenses of the 
Government, to fulfill contracts with foreign nations, to extinguish the native 
right of soil within our limits, to extend those limits, and to apply such a 
surplus to our public debt as places at a short day their final redemption, and 
that redemption once effected the revenue thereby liberated may, by a just 
repartition of it among the States and a corresponding amendment of the 
Constitution, be applied in time of peace to rivers, canals, roads, arts, 
manufactures, education, and other great objects within each State." 




@0090001, JEFF, 12031805, 
PROVIDE FUNDS FOR SEAPORT TOWN DEFENSE, 
, 
Annual Message (Fifth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00385, 
"...I can not, therefore, but recommend such preparations as circumstances call 
for. The first object is to place our seaport towns out of the danger of insult. 
In aid of these it is desirable we should have a competent number of gunboats, 
and the number to be competent, must be considerable. If immediately begun, they 
may be in readiness for service at the opening of next season." 


@0090002, JEFF, 12031805, 
ENACT LEGISLATION TO CLASS THE MILITIA BY AGE, 
, 
Annual Message (Fifth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00385, 
"...you will consider whether it would not be expedient so to organize or class 
the militia as would enable us on any sudden emergency to call for the services 
of the younger portions, unencumbered with the old and those having families. 
Upward of 300,000 able-bodied men between the ages of 18 and 26 years... will 
furnish a competent number for offense or defense in any point they may be 
wanted." 


@0090003, JEFF, 12031805, 
ENACT LEGISLATION CONCERNING CONSTRUCTION OF WAR SHIPS, 
, 
Annual Message (Fifth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00385, 
"Considerable provision has been made under former authorities from Congress of 
materials for the construction of ships of war of 74 guns. These materials are 
on hand subject to the further will of the legislature." 


@0090004, JEFF, 12031805, 
ENACT A PROHIBITION OF ARMS EXPORTS, 
, 
Annual Message (Fifth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00385, 
"An immediate prohibition of the exportation of arms and ammunition is also 
submitted for your determination." 


@0090005, JEFF, 12031805, 
EXPAND NUMBER OF PEACETIME NAVAL CAPTAINS AND LIEUTENANTS, 
, 
Annual Message (Fifth), 
Messages and Papers, 01, 186, 
"Reflecting with high satisfaction on the distinguished bravery displayed 
whenever occasions permitted in the late Mediterranean service, I think it would 
be a useful encouragement as well as a just reward to make an opening for some 
present promotion by enlarging our peace establishment of captains and 
lieutenants." 


@0090006, JEFF, 12311805, 
MAINTAIN NAVAL PRESENCE OFF THE COAST OF TUNIS, 
, 
Annual Message (Fifth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00386, 
"With Tunis some misunderstandings have arisen not yet sufficiently explained, 
but friendly discussions with their ambassador recently arrived and a mutual 
disposition to do whatever is just and reasonable can not fail of dissipating 
these, so that we may consider our peace on that coast, generally, to be on as 
sound a footing as it has been at any preceding time.  Still, it will not be 
expedient to withdraw immediately the whole of our force from that sea." 


@0090007, JEFF, 12031805, 
CHANGE PEACETIME NAVAL LIMITATIONS TO BE BASED ON PERSONNEL RATHER THAN ON 
SHIPS, 
, 
Annual Message (Fifth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00386, 
"The law providing for a naval peace establishment fixes the number of frigates 
which shall be kept in constant service in time of peace, and prescribes that 
they shall be manned by not more than two-thirds of their complement of seamen 
and ordinary seamen... in adverting to this subject Congress will perhaps 
consider whether the best limitation on executive discretion in this case would 
not be by the number of seamen which may be employed in the whole service rather 
than by the number of the vessels." 


@0090008, JEFF, 12061805, 
PROVIDE MEANS FOR PURSUING SETTLEMENTS WITH FRANCE, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00390, 
"[Concerning relations with France and Spain:] We have reason to believe that 
she (France) was disposed to effect a settlement on a plan analogous to what our 
ministers had proposed. The present crisis in Europe is favorable for pressing 
such a settlement, and not a moment should be lost in availing ourselves of 
it... But the course to be pursued will require the command of means which it 
belongs to Congress exclusively to yield or deny. To their wisdom, then, I look 
for the course I am to pursue, and will pursue with sincere zeal that which they 
shall approve." 


@0090009, JEFF, 12111805, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH THE BASHAW BAY AND THE SUBJECTS OF TRIPOLI, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00390, 
"A treaty of peace and amity between the United States of America and the Bashaw 
Bay, and subjects of Tripoli, in Barbary. I request that the Senate will advise 
whether I shall ratify it or not." 


@0090010, JEFF, 12111805, 
RATIFY TREATY BETWEEN U.S. AND WYANDOT; OTTOWA; CHIPPEWA; MUNSEE; DELAWARE; 
SHAWNEE; AND POTAWATAMIE, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00390, 
"A treaty between the United States and the Wyandot, Ottawa, Chippewa, Munsee, 
and Delaware, Shawnee, and Potawatamie nations of Indians. I request that the 
Senate will advise whether I shall ratify it or not." 


@0090011, JEFF, 12111805, 
RATIFY TREATY BETWEEN U.S. AND CONNECTICUT LAND COMPANIES ON THE ONE SIDE AND 
SEVERAL INDIAN TRIBES, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00390, 
"A treaty between the United States and the agents of the Connecticut Land 
Companies on one part and the Wyandot, Ottawa, Chippewa, Munsee, and Delaware, 
Shawnee, and Potawatamie nations of Indians. I request that the Senate advise 
whether I shall ratify or not." 


@0090012, JEFF, 12111805, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH DELAWARES; POTAWATAMIES; MIAMIS; EEL-RIVERS; AND WEEAS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00390, 
"A treaty between the United States and the Delawares, Potawatamies, Miamis, 
Eel-Rivers, and Weeas. I request that the Senate advise whether I shall ratify 
or not." 


@0090013, JEFF, 12111805, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH CHICKASAW NATION, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00390, 
"A treaty between the United States and the Chickasaw Nation of Indians. I 
request that the Senate advise whether I shall ratify or not." 


@0090014, JEFF, 12111805, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH CHEROKEE INDIANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00390, 
"A treaty between the United States of America and the Cherokee Indians. I 
request that the Senate advise whether I shall ratify or not." 


@0090015, JEFF, 12111805, 
RATIFY CONVENTION WITH CREEK NATION, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00390, 
" A convention between the United States and the Creek Nation of Indians, with 
the several documents necessary for their explanation. I request that the Senate 
advise whether I shall ratify or not." 


@0090016, JEFF, 01171806, 
PROHIBIT IMPORTATION OF CERTAIN BRITISH GOODS DUE TO BRITISH MARITIME 
HARASSMENT, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00396, 
"[Concerning British maritime policy/stoppage of commercial intercourse:] The 
minister plenipotentiary at the Court of London has been instructed to urge this 
subject anew, to bring it more fully to the bar of reason, and to insist on 
rights too evident and too important to be surrendered. In the meantime the evil 
is proceeding under adjudications founded on the principle which is denied. 
Under these circumstances the subject presents itself for the consideration of 
Congress." 


@0090017, JEFF, 01241806, 
RATIFY CONVENTION WITH CHEROKEE, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00396, 
"A convention has been entered into between the United States and the Cherokee 
Nation for the extinguishment of the rights of the latter, and of some unsettled 
claims in the country north of the river Tennessee, therein described. This 
convention is now laid before the Senate for their advice and consent as to its 
ratification." 


@0090018, JEFF, 02031806, 
PROVIDE MEASURE FOR FULFILLING TREATY WITH WYONDOT; OTTOWA; CHIPPEWA; MUNSEE AND 
DELAWARE; SHAWNEE; AND POTTAWATAMY, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00397, 
"A treaty between the United States and the Wyandot, Ottawa, Chippeway, Munsee 
and Delaware, Shawnee, and Pottawatamy nations of Indians. The Senate having 
advised and consented to this treaty, I now lay it before both Houses of 
Congress for the exercise of their constitutional powers as to the means of 
fulfilling them." 


@0090019, JEFF, 02031806, 
IMPLEMENT TREATY BETWEEN U.S. AND CONNECTICUT LAND COMPANY ON ONE  SIDE AND 
WYANDOT AND OTTOWA; CHIPPEWAY; MUNSEY; AND DELAWARE; SHAWANEE; AND POTTAWATAMY 
NATIONS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00397, 
"A treaty between the United States and the agents of the Connecticut Land 
Company on one part and the Wyandot and Ottawa, Chippeway, Munsey, and Delaware, 
Shawanee, and Pottawatamy nations of Indians. The Senate having advised and 
consented to this treaty, I now lay it before both houses of Congress for the 
exercise of their constitutional powers as to the means of fulfilling it." 


@0090020, JEFF, 02031806, 
PROVIDE MEANS OF IMPLEMENTING TREATY WITH CHICKASAW NATION, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00397, 
"A treaty between the United States and the Chickasaw Nation of Indians. The 
Senate having advised and consented to this treaty, I now lay it before both 
houses of Congress for the exercise of their constitutional powers as to the 
means of fulfilling it." 


@0090021, JEFF, 02031806, 
PROVIDE MEANS OF FULFILLING TREATIES WITH CHEROKEE INDIANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00397, 
"Two treaties between the United States and the Cherokee Indians. The Senate 
having advised and consented to these treaties, I now lay them before both 
houses of Congress for the exercise of their constitutional powers as to the 
means of fulfilling them." 


@0090022, JEFF, 02031806, 
PROVIDE MEANS FOR FULFILLING TREATY WITH CREEK NATION, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00397, 
"A convention between the United States and the Creek Nation of Indians. The 
Senate having advised and consented to the ratification of this convention, I 
now lay it before both houses of Congress for the exercise of their 
constitutional powers as to the means of fulfilling them." 


@0090023, JEFF, 04141806, 
MAINTAIN SOME SECURITY PROVISIONS AGAINST BARBARY POWERS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00401, 
"Under these circumstances, and considering that the several provisions of the 
act of March 25, 1804, will cease in consequence of the ratification of the 
treaty of peace with Tripoli, now advised and consented to by the Senate, I have 
thought it my duty to communicate these facts, in order that Congress may 
consider the expediency of continuing the same provisions for a limited time or 
making others equivalent." 


@0090024, JEFF, 04151806, 
PROVIDE MEANS FOR FULFILLING TREATY WITH PIANKESHAW INDIANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00401, 
"The Senate having advised and consented to the ratification of a treaty 
concluded with the Piankeshaw Indians for extinguishing their claim to the 
country between the Wabash and Kaskaskia cessions, it is now laid before both 
houses for the exercise of their constitutional powers as to the means of 
fulfilling it on our part." 


@0090025, JEFF, 04171806, 
PROVIDE MEANS FOR FULFILLING TREATY WITH CHEROKEE INDIANS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00401, 
"The Senate having advised and consented to the ratification of a treaty 
concluded between the United States and Cherokee Indians, for the cession of 
their right to the tract of country therein described, it is now laid before 
both houses of Congress for the exercise of their constitutional powers toward 
the fulfillment thereof." 


@0090026, JEFF, 12021806, 
PROVIDE FOR GREATER SECURITY OF ENTRANCE TO MISSISSIPPI, 
, 
Annual Message (Sixth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00406, 
"The possession of both banks of the Mississippi reducing to a single point the 
defense of that river, its waters, and the country adjacent, it becomes highly 
necessary to provide for that point a more adequate security." 


@0090027, JEFF, 12021806, 
ENACT MEASURES TO STRENGTHEN DEFENSE OF EASTERN QUARTER APPROACHES TO NEW 
ORLEANS, 
, 
Annual Message (Sixth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00406, 
The approaches to the city of New Orleans from the eastern quarter also will 
require to be examined and more effectually guarded." 


@0090028, JEFF, 12021806, 
PROVIDE FUNDING FOR MORE GUNBOATS, 
, 
Annual Message (Sixth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00407, 
"The gunboats authorized by an act of the last session are so advanced that they 
will be ready for service in the ensuing spring... as a much larger number will 
still be wanting to place our seaport towns and waters in that state of defense 
to which we are competent and they are entitled, a similar appropriation for a 
further provision for them is recommended for the ensuing year." 


@0090029, JEFF, 12021806, 
PROVIDE MORE FUNDS FOR REPAIRING AND EXTENDING SEAPORT TOWN FORTIFICATIONS, 
, 
Annual Message (Sixth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00407, 
"A further appropriation will also be necessary for repairing fortifications 
already established and the erection of other such works as may have real effect 
in obstructing the approach of an enemy to our seaport towns." 


@0090030, JEFF, 12021806, 
ENACT LEGISLATION TO PUNISH THOSE INDIVIDUALS WHO ATTACK POWERS FRIENDLY TO 
U.S., 
, 
Annual Message (Sixth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00407, 
"Where an enterprise is mediated by private individuals against a foreign nation 
in amity with the United States, powers of prevention are given to a certain 
extent by the law. Would they not be as reasonable and useful where the 
enterprise preparing is against the United States? could it be extended to acts 
to be done out of the jurisdiction of the United States, would be effectual in 
some cases where the offender is able to keep out of sight every indication of 
his purpose which could draw on him the exercise of the powers now given by 
law." 


@0090031, JEFF, 12021806, 
PROVIDE FUNDS FOR COMPENSATION OF LEWIS AND CLARKE, 
, 
Annual Message (Sixth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00408, 
"The expedition of Messrs. Lewis and Clarke for exploring the river Missouri and 
the best communication from that to the Pacific Ocean has had all the success 
which could have been expected...it is but justice to say that they and their 
brave companions have by this arduous service deserved well of their country." 


@0090032, JEFF, 12021806, 
PROVIDE FUNDS FOR EXPLORATION OF MISSISSIPPI TRIBUTARIES, 
, 
Annual Message (Sixth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00408, 
"...these surveys, in addition to those before possessed, furnish materials for 
commencing an accurate map of the Mississippi and its western waters. Some 
principal rivers, however, remain still to be explored, toward which the 
authorization of Congress by moderate appropriations will be required." 


@0090033, JEFF, 12021806, 
ENACT LEGISLATION TO BAN IMPORTATION OF SLAVES AFTER 1808, 
, 
Annual Message (Sixth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00408, 
"I congratulate you, fellow-citizens, on the approach of the period at which you 
may interpose your authority constitutionally to withdraw the citizens of the 
United States from all further participation in those violations of human rights 
which... the best interests of the country have long been eager to proscribe. 
Although no law can take prohibitory effect till the first day of the year 1808, 
yet the intervening period is not too long to prevent by timely notice 
expeditions which cannot be completed before that day." 


@0090034, JEFF, 12021806, 
ENACT LEGISLATION TO END SALT DUTIES AND CONTINUE MEDITERRANEAN FUND, 
, 
Annual Message (Sixth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00409, 
"I recommend to your consideration the suppression of the duties on salt and the 
continuation of the Mediterranean fund for a short time, after which that also 
will become unnecessary for any purpose now within contemplation." 


@0090035, JEFF, 12021806, 
AMEND THE CONSTITUTION TO ALLOW FOR FEDERAL EXPENDITURES ON PUBLIC PROJECTS SUCH 
AS INFRASTRUCTURE AND EDUCATION, 
0080022, 
Annual Message (Sixth), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00409, 
"...To what other objects shall these surpluses be appropriated after the entire 
discharge of the public debt? - to the great purposes of the public education, 
roads, rivers, canals and such other objects of public improvement as it may be 
thought proper to add to the constitutional enumeration of Federal powers. The 
subject is now proposed for the consideration of Congress...I suppose an 
amendment to the Constitution, by consent of the States, necessary, because the 
objects are not among those enumerated in the Constitution, and to which it 
permits the public moneys to be applied." 


@0090036, JEFF, 12031806, 
SUSPEND BILL PROHIBITING IMPORTATION OF CERTAIN GOODS FROM GREAT BRITAIN, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00411, 
"I have the satisfaction to inform you that the negotiation depending between 
the United States and the Government of Great Britain is proceeding in a spirit 
of friendship and accommodation which promises a result of mutual advantage. In 
the meantime we find by the communications of our plenipotentiaries that a 
temporary suspension of the act of the last session prohibiting certain 
importations (Nicholson's bill would have a happy effect on its course... I can 
not, therefore, but recommend the suspension of this act for a reasonable time, 
on considerations of justice, amity, and the public interests." 


@0090037, JEFF, 02101807, 
PROVIDE FUNDS FOR MORE GUNBOATS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00420, 
"From the opinions given as to the number of gunboats necessary for some of the 
principal seaports.. it is concluded that a due measure of protection in times 
of war about 200 gunboats will be requisite. Of the number supposed necessary, 
73 are built or building, and the 127 still to be provided would cost from 
$500,000 to $600,000. Having regard to the convenience of the Treasury as well 
as to the resources for building, it has been thought that the one-half of these 
might be built in the present year and the other half the next. With the 
Legislature, however, it will rest to stop where we are, or at any further 
point, when they shall be of opinion that the number provided shall be 
sufficient for the object." 




@0100001, JEFF, 10271807, 
PROVIDE FUNDS FOR THE DEFENSE OF SEAPORT TOWNS AND HARBORS, 
, 
Annual Message (Seventh), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00428, 
"It has been thought better to apply the sums given from the last session for 
the defense of our seaport towns and harbors toward the defense of New York, 
Charleston, and New Orleans chiefly, as most open and most likely first to need 
protection, and to leave places less immediately in danger to the provisions of 
the present session." 


@0100002, JEFF, 10271807, 
AUGMENT CURRENT GUNBOAT FORCE, 
, 
Annual Message (Seventh), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00428, 
"Whether our movable force, (gunboats) on the water, so material in aid of the 
defensive works on the land, should be augmented in this or any other form is 
left to the wisdom of the legislature." 


@0100003, JEFF, 10271807, 
ENACT LEGISLATION FORMING SEAMEN INTO SPECIAL MILITIA TO DEFEND HARBORS WHERE 
THEY HAPPEN TO BE, 
, 
Annual Message (Seventh), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00428, 
"It is a matter for consideration whether the seamen of the United States may 
not justly be formed into a special militia and called on for tours of duty in 
defense of the harbors where they shall happen to be, the ordinary militia of 
the place furnishing that portion which may consist of landsmen." 


@0100004, JEFF, 10271807, 
ENACT ANTI-TREASON LEGISLATION, 
, 
Annual Message (Seventh), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00429, 
"[Concerning the arraignment of Aaron Burr and associates:] You will be enabled 
to judge whether the defect was in the testimony, in the law, or in the 
administration of the law; and wherever it can be found, the Legislature alone 
can apply or originate the remedy. The framers of our Constitution certainly 
supposed that they had guarded as well their government against destruction by 
treason... and if these ends are not attained it is of importance to inquire by 
what means more effectual they may be secured." 


@0100005, JEFF, 10271807, 
PROVIDE TREASURY FUNDS TOWARD DEFENSE OF EXPOSED PORTS, 
, 
Annual Message (Seventh), 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00429, 
"...have left us in the treasury $8,500,000. A portion of this sum...may partly, 
indeed, be applied toward completing the defense of the exposed parts of our 
country, on such a scale as shall be adapted to our principles and 
circumstances. This object is doubtless among the first entitled to attention in 
such a state of our finances." 


@0100006, JEFF, 12181807, 
INHIBIT DEPARTURE OF OUR VESSELS FROM PORTS OF U.S. - - 'EMBARGO', 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00433, 
"I deem it my duty to recommend the subject to the consideration of Congress, 
who will doubtless perceive all the advantages which may be expected from an 
inhibition of the departure of our vessels from the ports of the United States." 


@0100007, JEFF, 01151808, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH OTTOWAYS; CHIPPEWAYS; WYANDOTS; AND POTTAWATTAMIES, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00434, 
"...has been an acquisition of so much only of what would have been acceptable 
as extends from the neighborhood of Saguina Bay to the Miami of the Lakes, with 
a prospect of soon obtaining a breadth of 2 miles for a communication from the 
Miami to the Connecticut Reserve. The treaty for this purpose entered into with 
the Ottoways, Chippeways, Wyandots, and Pottawattamies at Detroit on the 17th of 
November last is now transmitted to the Senate, and I ask their advice and 
consent as to its ratification." 


@0100008, JEFF, 01151808, 
RATIFY TREATY WITH CHOCTAWS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00435, 
"The Choctaws offered all their land south of the line to be run from their and 
our boundary at the Omochita eastwardly to their boundary with the Creeks, on 
the ridge between the Tombigbee and Alabama, which would unite our possessions 
there from Natchez to Tombigbee...they and their creditors are still anxious for 
the sale. I therefore now transmit the treaty for the consideration of the 
Senate, and I ask their advice and consent as to its ratification." 


@0100009, JEFF, 01201808, 
GRANT POWER TO THE COURT TO COMPEL TESTIMONY, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00437, 
"[Concerning the conspiracy of Aaron Burr:] That which has been recently 
communicated to the House of Representatives, and by then to me, is the first 
direct testimony ever made known to me charging General Wilkerson with the 
corrupt receipt of money... should any want of power in the court to compel the 
rendering of testimony obstruct that full and impartial inquiry which can alone 
establish guilt or innocence and satisfy justice, the legislative authority only 
will be competent to the remedy." 


@0100010, JEFF, 01301808, 
PROVIDE MEANS FOR FULFILLING TREATY WITH CHOCTAWS, 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00438, 
"I submitted the treaty, (with the Choctaws) to the Senate, who have advised and 
consented to its ratification. I therefore now lay it before both houses of 
Congress for the exercise of their constitutional powers as to the means of 
fulfilling it." 


@0100011, JEFF, 01301808, 
PROVIDE MEANS OF FULFILLING TREATY WITH OTTAWAYS; CHIPPEWAYS; ETC., 
, 
Special Message, 
Messages and Papers, 001, 00439, 
"The Senate having advised and consente